Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM), a chronic metabolic disorder that caused about 4.2 million deaths and at least 760 billion dollars’ expenditure in 2019, has been targeted for action by leaders of WHO member countries. In Ethiopia deaths, due to DM reached 34,262 in 2013. Studies show effective lifestyle interventions; particularly medical nutrition therapy reduces HbA1c by 0.5 to 2%. However, practicing recommended diet is reported to be difficult. Not only Knowledge and practice but also perception studies are therefore necessary to design future health programs. Objective: To assess diabetic self-care, dietary practice and associated factors among diabetes patients. Method: Institution-basedbased cross-sectional study design was employed from february15-May15, 2020 in Jimma university medical Centre (JUMC). Systematic sampling of every other patient (K = 2.7) was employed to interview 371 participants. A previously validated tool was used to collect data through a face-to-face interview. A path analysis was used to fit the structural model and tests the hypothesized Health Belief Model (HBM) relationships. Result: Response rate was 95.4% (354). Around 52% of the participants were male and 76.8% follow diabetic education at least some times. 42.4% and 48% of respondents have good dietary and general self-care practices respectively. With unstandardized coefficient (standard error) self-efficacy0.10 (0.01) being the strongest cues to action0.10 (0.02), perceived threat0.02 (0.01), and perceived barrier-0.08(0.01) constructs of HBM have a significant effect on dietary practice. Knowledge, social support and diabetes distress exert a significant indirect effect on dietary practice through health belief constructs with unstandardized path coefficient (standard error) of 0.22(0.03), 0.02(0.01), and -0.03(0.004) respectively. Conclusion: In this study, the proportion of good practice is found to be lower for both dietary as well as general self-care. HBM can best fit to explain variability in dietary self-care practice; therefore, future interventions should be designed to address the vast perception and psychosocial factors influencing dietary self-care practices.

Introduction: Globally, 2.4 million neonates died in their first month of life in 2019 with approximately 6,700 neonatal deaths every day. Ethiopia is 4th among the top 10 countries with the highest number of neonatal deaths. Yet, there are few prospective studies on neonatal mortality in the central region of Ethiopia. Hence, to develop evidence-based, locally tailored intervention strategies, it is necessary to evaluate neonatal survival status and mortality predictors, including birth weight. Therefore, the current study aims to assess survival status and factors predicting the survival of neonates in the Silt’e zone, Ethiopia.Methods: An institution-based prospective cohort study design was employed from 1 May to 30 July 2022. Data were collected from term neonates who were enrolled according to their order of health facility visit and then followed by data collectors in their homes. Data were analyzed using STATA version 14.1. Neonatal survival was presented using the Kaplan–Meier survival curve. The crude and adjusted associations were evaluated using the Cox proportional-hazards model, presented with a 95% confidence interval (CI), and a P-value <0.05 was used to declare statistical significance.Result: In total, 1,080 term neonates were followed for a total of 27,643.6 neonatal days. The study showed a 95% cumulative probability of surviving the neonatal period. The incidence rate of neonatal death was 2.02 per 1,000 neonatal days. Maternal history of neonatal death [adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) = 4.03; 95% CI: 2.28–9.52], complication during pregnancy (AHR = 3.08; 95% CI: 1.12–8.25), female sex (AHR = 0.45; 95% CI: 0.25–0.84), birth weight (AHR = 0.27; 95% CI: 0.11–0.63), and a low or intermediate APGAR score at 1 min (AHR = 3.11; 95% CI: 1.23–7.82 and AHR = 5.34; 95% CI: 1.63–17.51, respectively) were independent predictors of neonatal death.Conclusion: It has been noted that neonatal mortality in this area is higher than results from national studies and other study areas and thus requires strict attention and interventions targeting both the pre and postnatal periods. Babies with low birth weight were found to struggle to survive the neonatal period. Promoting maternal nutrition for normal birth weight of the newborn would thereby improve neonatal survival, and should be followed as a strategy.

Objective: This study aimed to provide an updated and comprehensive estimate of the non-fatal burden of anxiety disorders in Ethiopia from 1990 to 2023. Methods: This study analyzed the burden of anxiety disorders in Ethiopia using the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) 2023 estimates. Incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) were estimated using a Bayesian meta-regression tool for disease modeling (DisMod-MR 2.1). Results: There were a total of 589,076 new cases (95% UI: 408,183-856,726) and 5,222,731 prevalent cases (95% UI: 3,863,241-7,156,038) of anxiety disorders in Ethiopia in 2023, which resulted in 627,465 YLDs (95% UI: 391,935-951,877). The age-standardized rates of anxiety disorders were 512 new cases per 100,000 population (95% UI: 362-689), 4763 prevalent cases per 100,000 population (95% UI: 3535-6068), and 564 YLDs per 100,000 population (95% UI: 367-831). Sub-nationally, the rates were uniformly distributed by sex. The highest rates were estimated among adolescents. The rates remained similar from 1990 to 2019 and then experienced an upward increase thereafter. Compared to the rates in 1990, there was an increase in the ASPR and ASYLDs in 2023. Conclusion: This study revealed that anxiety disorders posed a significant and escalating public health burden in Ethiopia, with adolescents being disproportionately impacted. Policies to prevent anxiety disorders should emphasize improving early detection and care, strengthening adolescent-focused services, and implementing uniform interventions across the country.

Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus is a major global health threat due to its widespread distribution, ability to cause severe infections, and increasing antimicrobial resistance. It is responsible for a wide range of diseases, particularly skin and soft tissue infections, with wound infections being the most common. The emergence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is of significant concern. However, local data on MRSA in wound infections remain limited. This study assessed the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility, and associated factors of MRSA among patients with wound infections at Werabe Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (WCSH). Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2023 to February 2024 involving 384 patients with wound infections. Wound swabs or pus samples were cultured on blood agar and mannitol salt agar. Identification of S. aureus was performed using standard biochemical tests, while MRSA detection used the cefoxitin disk diffusion method following CLSI guidelines. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire, entered into Epi-info, and analyzed with SPSS. Logistic regression identified associations, with p < 0.05 considered significant. Results: Of 384 participants, 90 (23.4%) had S. aureus; of which 24 (26.7%) were MRSA. Most S. aureus isolates (87.8%) and all MRSA were resistant to penicillin but fully sensitive to linezolid. All MRSA and 31.1% of S. aureus isolates were multidrug resistant. Hospital stay > 72 hours was significantly associated with MRSA (AOR = 3.06, p = 0.031). Conclusions: There is a notable prevalence of MRSA with high multidrug resistance. Strengthening infection control, antimicrobial stewardship, and reducing prolonged hospital stays are recommended.