N6-methyladenosine (m⁶A) is a key area in Epigenetics and has been increasingly focused these years. In the m⁶A process, readers recognize the m⁶A modification on mRNAs or noncoding RNAs and mediate different downstream events. Emerging studies have shown that YTHDC1, an important m⁶A reader, plays a key role in many biological functions and disease progression, especially cancers. Here we summarized the current mechanisms of YTHDC1 in biological functions and diseases and offered guidance for future researches to provide potential strategy for clinical diagnose and therapy.

EIF4A3 represents a novel m6A suppressor that exerts control over the global m6A mRNA modification level, therefore influencing gene destiny. Despite increasing evidence that highlights a pivotal role of EIF4A3 in tumor progression and immunity, a comprehensive pan-cancer analysis of EIF4A3 has yet to be conducted, in order to ascertain whether EIF4A3 could be a viable biomarker for cancer screening, prediction of prognosis, and to facilitate accurate therapy design in various human malignancies. We analyzed the expression levels of EIF4A3 in bladder cancer compared to para-cancer tissue. Subsequently survival analysis was conducted to ascertain the potential association between EIF4A3 expression and patient prognosis. To further corroborate this evidence, we conducted an extensive data mining process of several publicly available databases, including UCSC Xena database, TCGA, and GTEx. Raw data from the UCSC Xena database was processed using online tools to obtain results that could be subjected to further analysis. Our study unveiled a considerable increase in the expression levels of EIF4A3 in bladder cancer compared to para-cancer tissue. Subsequent validation experiments confirmed that bladder cancer patients exhibiting higher levels of EIF4A3 expression have significantly worse prognostic outcomes. Next, our pan-cancer analysis found that the expression level of EIF4A3 is significantly higher in most cancers. Notably, high expression levels of EIF4A3 were negatively associated with patient prognosis across various cancer types. Furthermore, as a novel m6A suppressor, EIF4A3 was found to be correlated with numerous RNA modification genes in multiple cancer types. Meanwhile, analysis of publicly available databases revealed that EIF4A3 expression was significantly related to immune score and immune cell levels in most cancer types. Interestingly, EIF4A3 was also identified as a superior immunotherapy biomarker when compared to several traditional immunotherapy biomarkers. Lastly, genetic alterations analysis revealed that amplification was the most frequently occurring abnormality in the EIF4A3 gene. EIF4A3 emerges as a promising biomarker with the potential to significantly enhance tumor screening, prognostic evaluation, and the design of individualized treatment strategies across a diverse array of malignancies.

Purpose. To access the incidence and predictors of Gleason grade group upgrading from cognitive MR‐targeted fusion prostate biopsy to radical prostatectomy in a Chinese cohort. Materials and Methods. We included 199 patients in our institution between January 2016 and June 2021. Multivariable logistic regression model and nomograms were utilized to analyze the collected data. Results. The concordance rate of biopsy Gleason grade group and radical prostatectomy was 50.3% (100 in 199). Upgrading occurred in 80 (40.2%) patients and 37 (68.5%) patients have an upgrading Gleason grade group when the biopsy Gleason grade group was 1. Multivariable logistic regression models were established to analyze the incidence and predictors of Gleason grade group upgrading from cognitive MR‐targeted fusion prostate biopsy to radical prostatectomy. Biopsy Gleason grade group, prostate volume, and patient year were confirmed to be individual predictors of upgrading. Based on the logistic regression models, nomograms for predicting probability of prostate Gleason grade group upgrading were generated. Conclusions. We established a logistic regression model to predict the accuracy of prostate biopsy GG and provide the probability of upgrading. Clinicians should be more cautious when deciding the treatment strategy especially for prostate cancer biopsy GG1 patients. Future studies should expand the sample size and include more variables to improve the accuracy of predicting upgrading and prostate cancer early screening program is urgently needed in our city in China.

Background DCAF5 encodes a component of ubiquitin ligase complex, thereby influencing protein ubiquitination. Recent research underscored its potential to revert the malignant phenotype, as evidenced in vivo studies, while the scarcity of research about DCAF5 challenges for its development as a novel target for cancer treatment. Methods We conducted an immunohistochemical analysis to compare the expression levels of DCAF5 in renal clear cell carcinoma tissues with those in adjacent non-neoplastic tissues. Subsequently, we performed survival analyses to explore the correlation between DCAF5 expression and patient outcomes. Multiple public databases were used such as the UCSC Xena platform, The Cancer Genome Atlas, and the Genotype-Tissue Expression project. The raw data extracted from the UCSC Xena platform was subsequently processed utilizing online analytical tools to facilitate further in-depth examination. Results Our investigation has discovered a significant reduction in DCAF5 expression within renal clear cell carcinoma tissues when juxtaposed with adjacent non-cancerous tissues. Further experimental validation demonstrated that patients with higher pathology grades exhibited lower DCAF5 expression. In a broader oncological context, our comprehensive analysis across various cancer types revealed a heterogeneous expression pattern of DCAF5. Concurrently, an examination of publicly accessible databases has highlighted a notable correlation between DCAF5 expression and both immune scores and immune cell infiltration in a range of cancer types. It is noteworthy that DCAF5 ‘s potential as an immunotherapy biomarker was recognized, distinguishing it from several established markers in this domain. Finally, our analysis of genetic alterations identified gene amplification as the predominant form of aberration affecting the DCAF5 gene. Conclusion Our findings reveal that DCAF5 exhibits context-dependent dual roles across cancers and demonstrates superior predictive value over traditional biomarkers like TMB in immunotherapy. This highlights its potential as a dual-functional biomarker for prognosis and immunotherapy personalization, particularly in SMARCB1-deficient malignancies.