The images from the scanning tunneling microscope (STM) can be improved with digital filtering using the fast Fourier transform. In this communication we discuss the noise characteristics for images taken in air with the STM. The STM images are significantly enhanced if we assume the noise has an 1/f characteristic and use a Weiner optimal filter to remove this type of noise.

In this paper, the authors present three-dimensional television (3DTV) broadcasting and distribution systems that are employed to deliver a pair of stereoscopic images to mobile users, as well as users at home. First, mobile 3DTV systems and services based on DMB and DVB-H are respectively introduced. Second, fixed and high-definition 3DTV systems and services based on terrestrial digital broadcasting are described along with an introduction of experimental 3DTV services in Korea. To be specific, the authors summarize 3DTV systems from the viewpoints of target services, system and user requirements, system configurations, broadcasting trials, related standards, and technical challenges.

Charge trapping induced by hot carriers in a metal–oxide–semiconductor capacitor was studied with a scanning capacitance microscope (SCM). The local charge trapping/detrapping and the readout of the trapped charge in ${\mathrm{SiO}}_2$ was performed using a SCM combined with an atomic force microscope. When applying a voltage between the conductive probe tip and the $p$ -type silicon substrate, hot carriers injected from silicon substrate into the ${\mathrm{SiO}}_2$ generated a positive trapped charge in the 10-nm-thick ${\mathrm{SiO}}_2$ layer. The resulting shift in capacitance–voltage $\mathrm{(C–V)}$ curves due to the locally trapped charge was measured by the high-frequency $\mathrm{C–V}$ measurement. For an application to the ultrahigh density data storage field, we investigated how the charge trapping and detrapping characteristics depend on the writing speed and bias voltage.

Intubating patients with a huge, fixed supraglottic mass causing an obstruction of the glottis is difficult to most anesthesiologists. We attempted awake fiberoptic orotracheal intubation assisted by Glidescope® Videolaryngoscope (GVL) following topical anesthesia with 4% lidocaine spray and remifentanil infusion. The glottis could not be identified by the GVL view. However, by entering toward the right side of the mass with bronchoscope, the glottis was found. Due to stiffness of the mass, we were unable to further enter the area using the bronchoscope. Alternatively, we attempted to expose the glottis by GVL blade and then successfully intubated the patient by manually pressing the cricoids cartilage. GVL is nonetheless an excellent instrument in airway management compared to fiberoptic bronchoscope for patients with a huge and fixed supraglottic mass.