Dissolving microneedles (DMNs) represent an innovative advancement in drug delivery and skincare technologies, offering significant advantages compared to traditional needles. This paper presents an overview of the historical evolution of microneedles and the rise of dissolving types, exploring their definition, concept, and diverse clinical applications such as vaccinations, drug delivery, and skincare treatments. Design and manufacturing considerations cover the materials employed, fabrication techniques, and methods for characterizing DMNs, focusing on aspects like mechanical strength, dissolution rate, and delivery efficiency. The mechanism of action section examines skin penetration mechanics, the process of microneedle dissolution, controlled release of active compounds, and considerations of biocompatibility and safety. Recent developments in DMNs encompass technological advancements, improved delivery systems, and updates on clinical trials and studies. Challenges and opportunities in scaling up production, overcoming market adoption barriers, and future research directions are discussed, aiming to address unmet medical needs and expand applications. In summary, DMNs have the potential to transform drug delivery and skincare treatments, with ongoing advancements aimed at tackling current challenges and unlocking new opportunities for enhanced healthcare outcomes. Graphical Abstract

This review explores the application of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in regenerative medicine. The therapeutic significance of iPSC-derived cell therapy within regenerative medicine, emphasizes their reprogramming process and crucial role in cellular differentiation while setting the purpose and scope for the comprehensive exploration of iPSC-derived cell therapy. The subsequent sections intricately examine iPSC-derived cell therapy, unravelling the diverse derivatives of iPSCs and striking a delicate balance between advantages and limitations in therapeutic applications. Mechanisms of action, revealing how iPSC-derived cells seamlessly integrate into tissues, induce regeneration, and contribute to disease modeling and drug screening advancements is discussed. The analysis extends to clinical trials, shedding light on outcomes, safety considerations, and ethical dimensions. Challenges and concerns, including the risk of tumorigenesis and scalability issues, are explored. The focus extends to disease-specific applications, showcasing iPSC-derived cell therapy as a promising avenue for various medical conditions, supported by illustrative case studies. Future directions and research needs are outlined, identifying areas for further exploration, safety considerations and potential enhancements that will shape the future landscape of iPSC-derived therapies. In conclusion, this review provides significant understanding of iPSC-derived cell therapy’s status, that contemplates the implications for regenerative medicine and personalized treatment using iPSCs, offering a comprehensive perspective on the evolving field within the confines of a dynamic and promising scientific frontier. Export