Marine-derived compounds have emerged as a promising frontier in cancer research due to their remarkable structural diversity and broad-spectrum bioactivities. The marine environment, encompassing diverse organisms (e.g., sponges, algae, tunicates, mollusks, and marine microbes), is a prolific source of novel bioactive molecules with potent anti-cancer properties. Key classes of these compounds include alkaloids, polysaccharides, peptides, terpenoids, and polyketides, which exert anti-tumor effects through diverse mechanisms, including the induction of apoptosis, inhibition of angiogenesis, modulation of immune responses, interference with cell cycle progression, and targeting of critical signaling pathways involved in tumorigenesis and metastasis. Notably, marine-derived drugs such as trabectedin, eribulin, and plitidepsin have received regulatory approval for the treatment of various malignancies, demonstrating the translational potential of these natural compounds. Ongoing clinical and preclinical investigations are exploring a wide range of marine metabolites for their cytotoxic, anti-proliferative, and chemosensitizing properties. Advances in marine biotechnology, including genome mining, synthetic biology, and fermentation technologies, have significantly facilitated the discovery, sustainable production, and structural optimization of marine natural products. However, challenges such as low yield, structural complexity, limited water solubility, and poor bioavailability hinder their broader clinical application. The integration of novel drug delivery systems, such as nanoparticles, liposomes, and conjugates, offers a viable solution to overcome these limitations and improve pharmacokinetic profiles. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms of action, therapeutic applications, and clinical development of marine-derived anti-cancer compounds. It also emphasizes the need for deeper insights into their molecular targets and the potential for synergistic use with existing chemotherapeutic agents. Future directions should focus on exploring untapped marine biodiversity, developing eco-friendly harvesting strategies, and developing innovative delivery platforms to fully harness the therapeutic promise of the marine pharmacopeia in oncology.

A simple, sensitive, rapid and highly efficient LC-MS/MS method was developed for the determination of Candesartan and Hydrochlorothiazide simultaneously in human plasma. The method employed Zorbax eclipse C18 (150 X 4.6 mm, 5µ) column using acetate buffer: acetonitrile (25:75%, v/v) as the mobile phase. The mobile phase flow rate is 1 mL/min which was delivered into the mass spectrometer electron spray ionization chamber. The Liquid/liquid extraction procedure was used in the method for the extraction of analytes. The chromatograph was attached to a negative ion mode tandem mass spectrometer and the method was validated for all the parameters as per the guidelines of US-FDA. The ions were detected in multiple reaction monitoring mode and the transitions are m/z 439.00®309.10 and 295.80®268.80 for candesartan and hydrochlorothiazide respectively. Isotopic standards were used as internal standards for effective recovery of the analytes. The drugs were analyzed over a calibration range of 1.027-302.047 ng/mL for candesartan and 1.044-306.945 ng/mL for hydrochlorothiazide respectively with regression coefficient greater than 0.99. The mean extraction recoveries are 96.95±5.61 and 100.55±4.82 for candesartan and hydrochlorothiazide respectively. The precision and accuracy values for all the studies were within the range of ≤15% and 85-115%. The performed stability studies indicate that the developed method is stable in plasma for 15 h at room temperature (bench top); 52 h (in injector); for 112 days at -70 ºC for long term stability; five successive freeze and thaw cycles. The developed method could be successfully employed for the determination of selected drugs in biological samples.

A stability-indicating RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for the estimation of Liraglutide in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. Shiseido C18 (250 mm x 4.6 mm I.D., 5 µm particle size) column was used as stationary phase with mobile phase consisting methanol+acetonitrile (80:20):...

The main objective of the present work was to develop a simple, precise, accurate and reproducible UV-Spectrophotometric and stability indicating RP-HPLC methods for simultaneous estimation of moxifloxacin HCl (MOX) and ketorolac tromethamine (KET) in bulk and ophthalmic dosage forms. UV Spectrophotometry was carried out by simultaneous equation method using distilled water : acetonitrile (50:50 V/V) as solvent. The wavelengths were found to be 295 nm for MOX and 322 nm for KET. The isobestic point was found to be 308 nm. The linearity range is 2-10 μg/mL for both MOX and KET with correlation co-efficient >0.99. The separation of these two drugs using RP-HPLC was achieved on a SHISHEDO C18, 250×4.6 mm, 5 micron size column with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and acetate buffer (45:55 V/V) at pH 4.0 at a flow rate of 1 mL/min and UV detection at 308 nm. The retention times were observed to be 2.418 and 3.827 minutes for MOX and KET, respectively. Linearity was found to be 10-50 μg/mL for both MOX and KET, respectively. The two developed methods were successfully validated for accuracy, precision, linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification and robustness. The two developed methods were validated according to ICH guidelines and were found to be with in the limits. The stress testing of the drugs individually was carried out under acidic, alkaline, oxidation, photo-stability and thermal degradation conditions and its degradation products were studied. These two methods could be used for simultaneous estimation of MOX and KET in bulk and ophthalmic dosage forms.

Background Digital twin technologies have the potential to enhance real-time operations and predictive quality control in pharmaceutical manufacturing, but data integrity safeguards have yet to be matured with a focus on human and simulation vulnerabilities. Objective This review is based on real-world data integrity failures in digital twin assisted continuous manufacturing, with ALCOA + + principles combined with human factors and simulation risks. Methods The incidents associated with digital twins, PAT, and continuous manufacturing were identified using a PRISMA-ScR approach to reviewing the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and regulatory databases (FDA 483s, EMA inspections, 2020–2026). From a failure classification perspective, an ALCOA + + and an adapted version of the HFACS were used. Results Of the 248 incidents, 65% were non-contemporaneous data, 22% were non-traceable simulation inputs and 13% were non-enduring virtual records from cloud synchronization failures. Discussion The simulated failure rates were reduced by 68% with a Digital Twin Compliance Framework which integrates human-centered design, GAMP 5.2 risk assessment, hybrid audit trails and AI-based anomaly detection. Conclusion This review presents the first unified taxonomy for digital twins failures in continuous manufacturing (ALCOA++) and identifies the need for robust virtual data governance and further validation in a decentralized manufacturing network of the future.

Background: Ovarian Cancer remains a crucial reason for mortality among gynaecological diseases despite advancements in surgical techniques and chemotherapy. Delayed diagnosis often contributes to the unfavourable prognosis of the disorder. Though the initial platinum-based doublet chemotherapy and successful surgical intervention are done, a considerable proportion of individuals ranging from 70 to 80 per cent experience disease recurrence. Aim: In this current review, the authors aim to explore the potentiality of Ayush (Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha, Yoga and Naturopathy and Homeopathy) approaching modern medication for treating ovarian cancer. Ayush encompasses various therapeutic modalities, including herbal remedies, diet and nutrition, yoga and meditation, and Panchakarma, which have been traditionally used or studied for their potential benefits in cancer management. Methods: We will discuss the fundamental aetiology, pathology, risk factors, and basic signs and symptoms of ovarian cancer, along with the available Ayush treatment options. Specifically, we will focus on Ayurvedic approaches, such as Rasayanas (Rejuvenated therapies) and Ayurveda Maintenance Therapy (AMT), which have shown promise in managing recurrent ovarian cancer. Results: Studies investigating the efficacy of Ayush interventions, including herbal and herbal-mineral formulations, in treating ovarian cancer reported sustainable outcomes. We will examine the documented Platinum-Free Interval (PFI) and Progression-Free Survival (PFS) following Ayush treatments to assess their potential impact on patient outcomes. Conclusion: This review provides a comprehensive overview of Ayush treatment options for ovarian cancer, aiming to improve the chances of survival for patients, particularly those diagnosed with advanced disease. Integrating Ayush approaches with modern medical interventions may provide a comprehensive strategy for the management of ovarian cancer, confronting both psychological and physical aspects of this disorder.