A cataract is a condition that causes 17 million people to experience blindness and is the most significant cause of vision loss, around 47.9%. The formation of cataracts is linked to both the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the reduction of endogenous antioxidants. ROS are highly reactive molecules produced by oxygen. Examples of ROS include peroxides, super-oxides, and hydroxyl radicals. ROS are produced in cellular responses to xenobiotics and bacterial invasion and during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. Excessive ROS can trigger oxidative stress that initiates the progression of eye lens opacities. ROS and other free radicals are highly reactive molecules because their outer orbitals have one or more unpaired electrons and can be neutralized by electron-donating compounds, such as antioxidants. Examples of natural antioxidant compounds are vitamin C, vitamin E, and beta-carotene. Numerous studies have demonstrated that plants contain numerous antioxidant compounds that can be used as cataract preventatives or inhibitors. Natural antioxidant extracts for cataract therapy may be investigated further in light of these findings, which show that consuming a sufficient amount of antioxidant-rich plants is an excellent approach to cataract prevention. Several other natural compounds also prevent cataracts by inhibiting aldose reductase and preventing apoptosis of the eye lens.

Orbital myiasis is a rare condition. We report a case of massive orbital myiasis (ophthalmomyiasis profunda) arising from nasal myiasis and caused by Chrysomya bezziana in a patient with diabetes. A 55-year-old woman presented with massive orbital myiasis from larvae invading the entire orbit, with only a small part of sclera and bulbar conjunctiva left of the ocular structures left unaffected. The patient complained of breathing difficulty and drooping of the left eyelid with no other significant complaints. Computed tomography of paranasal sinuses was performed to determine the extent of intraocular invasion of larvae and the surrounding area that might be involved. The larvae filled the nasal and orbital cavity with bony destruction. The patient had a history of diabetes mellitus with uncontrolled blood sugar. Orbital myiasis is an infestation of any anatomical structure of the orbit with larvae from the order Diptera. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of massive orbital myiasis arising from nasal myiasis caused by C. bezziana in a patient with diabetes. Eliminating the causative larvae and topical treatment with antibiotics eye ointment therapy improved the patient's symptoms. Epidemiological data are required to improve documentation of the incidence rate of myiasis.

Cataracts are one of the most causes of blindness in the world. Oxidative stress can form pathological conditions such as cataracts. This oxidative stress ability can be measured by the malondialdehyde (MDA) biomarker. Binahong leaves (Anredera cordifolia (Tenore) Steenis) are native plants from Indonesia that are used to treat various diseases including cataract treatment. Binahong leaf (Anredera cordifolia (Tenore) Steenis) has a high amount of flavonoids and is rich in antioxidants that can be used to treat cataracts. Objective. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of binahong leaf extract on the levels of MDA in a goat lens with cataract-induced material. Method. As many as possible, 40 goat eye lenses were divided into several groups, namely, group I normal lenses as controls (glucose 5.5mM), group II lenses were cataract induced with glucose concentration of 55mM, group III lenses with glucose 55mM+binahong leaf extract (100μg/ml), group IV lens with glucose 55mM+binahong leaf extract (200μg/ml), and group V lens with glucose 55mM+quercetin (positive control). Biochemical parameters measured in the lens homogenate are malondialdehyde lens morphology in all groups observations and comparisons made. Results. The results of the study found that the lens group with the addition of binahong extract showed more results transparency compared to lens groups induced by glucose concentrations of 55mM). This shows that the diabetic cataract group experienced high oxidative stress due to the accumulation of sorbitol compounds derived from glucose which caused turbidity in the goat eye lens and increased levels of lens MDA. Binahong levels at concentrations of 100 or 200 can inhibit MDA production. Conclusion. Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Tenore) Steenis) extract has the ability to inhibit the production of MDA levels. In glucose-induced goat lenses, binahong extract and quercetin show antioxidant and anticataract properties.

Комп’ютерний зоровий синдром – це сукупність симптомів, які виникають через перенапруження зору під час роботи за комп’ютерами, включаючи ноутбуки, настільні ПК, планшети та інші пристрої відображення (наприклад, смартфони та інші електронні пристрої для читання). У подоланні синдрому суттєве значення має регулярний відпочинок очей. Метою дослідження було проаналізувати вплив прийому 20-20-20 на частоту виникнення комп’ютерного зорового синдрому у користувачів комп’ютерів. Матеріал та методи. В дослідженні приймали участь 76 осіб, розділених на дві групи: основна (38 осіб) та контрольна (38 осіб). Прийом 20-20-20 заключався в чергуванні періодів роботи на комп’ютері (20 хв) з переведенням погляду на відстань 6 м на протязі 20 секунд з подальшим періодом роботи з комп’ютером протягом 20 хв. Досліджувані основної групи виконували прийом 20-20-20 при роботі з комп'ютерами, а особи з контрольної групи працювали як зазвичай, не використовуючи даний прийом. Лікування проводилося протягом 5 робочих днів. Статистичний аналіз проведено за допомогою тестів Вілкоксона та Манна-Уітні зі ступенем значущості 95% (? = 0,05). Результати. Статистичний аналіз показав, що пацієнти основної групи показали значні відмінності в оцінці комп’ютерного зорового синдрому до та після застосування прийому 20-20-20 (?<0,05). Результати статистичного аналізу між основною групою, де застосовувався прийом, та групою контролю також показали значну різницю між виникненням комп’ютерного зорового в основній та контрольній групах (?<0,05). Висновок. На підставі результатів дослідження можна стверджувати, що прийом 20-20-20 має суттєвий вплив на частоту виникнення комп’ютерного зорового синдрому у користувачів комп’ютерів.

AIM: To analyze the associations between frequency of prosthesis cleaning with the discharge characteristics and the tear film in subjects with anophthalmic socket post evisceration with dermis fat graft. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This study is an analytic observational with cross sectional design study with control. The subjects of the study were unilateral acquired anophthalmic socket after evisceration with dermis fat graft at University of Sumatera Utara General Hospital which amounts to 30 subjects or 60 eyes (30 unilateral anophthalmic sockets, 30 contralateral eyes). Data was obtained from April 2018 to May 2018. RESULT: There is significant association between frequency of prosthesis cleaning and the frequency of discharge (P = 0.001) and tear film quantity (P = 0.024). There is also significant association between the tear film quantity and the frequency of discharge (P = 0.024). CONCLUSION: There was a significant association between frequency of prosthesis cleaning with the frequency of discharge and the tear film in subjects with Acquired Unilateral anophthalmic socket post-evisceration with dermis fat graft.

AIM: To analyze the correlation between the daily lens wear duration and dry eye syndrome.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This study was an analytic cross sectional study using consecutive sampling conducted among the students in Economy and Bussiness Faculty and Faculty of Humanities in University of Sumatera Utara aged between 17 to 23 that wore contact lens continously for at least a year and 5 days a week. The symptoms were assessed using Contact Lens Dry Eye Questionnaire-8 (CLDEQ-8) and interview about their contact lens comfort; eye drops usage, contact lens washing habit, daily circumstances, places to buy contact lens and personal experince in wearing contact lens.RESULTS: The questionnaire was completed by 53 students. All of them were female and wore softlens wearers. The mean duration of daily wear was 8.19 ± 2.20 hours. The most common symptom experienced was dry eye and the least symptom experienced was removing lens. The most frequent symptom experienced was closing eyes and the least frequent symptom experienced was removing lenses. This study used Exact Test as analysis statistic method. The result was p > 0.05 which means there is no correlation between daily lens wear duration and dry eye syndrome.CONCLUSION: This study showed that dry eye syndrome was not correlated with daily lens wear duration, but affected by many factors such as contact lens, lens care solution, eye drops usage and environment.