This paper analyzes the effective use of a mixture of fly ash (MSWI-FA) and solid waste from flue gas treatment (MSWI-SW), which are by-products of the municipal waste incineration process. MSWI-FA (19 01 13*) and MSWI-SW (19 01 07*) are classified as hazardous waste due to their toxic metal content and leaching potential, and currently lack practical applications, unlike slag and bottom ash (19 01 12). This study tested these wastes as partial substitutes for natural sand within a range of 0–20% of cement mass. Statistical analysis of the experimental results allowed the creation of good quality models predicting the effect of substitution additives on compressive strength and flexural strength (correlation 0.91 and 0.93, respectively). The mixture with the highest share of substitution additives (40% = 20% + 20%) was characterized by a decrease in compressive strength by 1.3% and flexural strength by 25.8%. Cement mortars synthesized with the waste mixture (up to 20% of each component) showed slightly lower consistency and water absorption than the control mortars. After the frost resistance tests (25 cycles), the flexural and compressive strength showed ambiguous behavior, showing both increases and decreases, indicating that the percentage of waste components alone is an insufficient set of factors for predicting these strength properties. The concentration of metal ions, i.e., Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cu, and Cr, in the eluate after the leaching tests did not exceed the legal levels of pollutants introduced into waters, with the exception of barium. However, its content did not exceed the permissible levels required for waste intended for landfill. Using the mixing plant for this waste in the amount of 20% each, we save about EUR 10 in the cost of purchasing sand (which is 13% of the production costs of 1 m³) and EUR 8 in the cost of environmental fees when producing 1 m³ of mortar. The proposed technology is compatible with the objectives of a sustainable economy.

Health and safety at work have their legal basis in international and Polish law – source of law currently valid in Poland. For efficiently functioning system of health and safety at work it is necessary to build appropriate institutional environment. The purpose of the article is to analyse the institutional system of health and safety at work in Poland based on source of law currently valid in Poland and forming remarks de lege lata and de lege ferenda in this scope.

Contemporary production companies operate in a dynamically changing environment and try to strengthen their competitive position. Therefore they take action acting at implementing new ones as well as improving and maintaining existing production processes, using for this purpose knowledge and available tools and methods. For dominant activities undertaken in the scope of improving and maintaining production the pro-quality activities can be included. Quality mainly depends on the efficiency of production processes, therefore manufacturing companies should focus their activities on maintaining and improving them. The methods of technical risk analysis and assessment are effective methods of maintaining production processes, whose application makes it possible to indicate any deviations from accepted standards. Analysis and assessment of the technical risk of the production process makes it possible not only to indicate non-conformities identified in the process, but mainly taking corrective actions. The aim of the article is to formulate of the method used to identify and assessment of the technical risk of the cutting process on the organizational side. The method has qualitative-quantitative type, and is the effective tools for technical risk assessment necessary to maintain the production process. It is assumed that the quality of the cutting process is ensured by the technical condition of the machine.

The European Union structural funds even out the chances of development of particular regions in the European Union. Entities applying for additional financing from structural funds for various actions implemented in a form of projects must meet specific criteria. For this reason, the quality of prepared and implemented projects is of key importance. This paper draws the attention to meeting the requirements of a project at a stage of its preparation and implementation, taking into account the formal, contents-oriented and technical criteria and application of methodology of management, for effective absorption of European Union structural funds.

Due to the costs, the unexpected appearance of graffiti on rail vehicles and the need to remove it is an increasingly serious problem for rail carriers. The use of anti-graffiti protective coatings by rail companies is becoming more and more common. These coatings must meet appropriate quality...

The implementation of public projects by organizations requires professionalization of their evaluation methods. The research objective is to identify the key criteria for project evaluation that go beyond the “project triangle.” The following problem was formulated: whether ex post evaluation of the project taking into account parameters of the “design triangle” is not an oversimplification in the context of uniqueness of design solutions that significantly affect civilization and technological development of societies in terms of global. The study was conducted in two stages. In the first stage, 109 completed projects were evaluated using the quantitative method. The quantitative method was used to evaluate the projects. In the second stage, on the basis of the project-evaluation results, the key criteria for ex post evaluation of project implementation were analyzed using the Hellwig’s correlation method. It was shown that for the proper ex post evaluation of project implementation, it is necessary to supplement criteria with strategic and societal effects.