This study aimed to identify the prognostic significance of the C-reactive protein-albumin-lymphocyte (CALLY) index for predicting all-cause mortality in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients who have undergone primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) for revascularization. 505 patients who presented with ACS and underwent pPCI were retrospectively included in this single center study. CALLY index and other five prognostic scores were calculated. The median follow-up was 40 months. All-cause mortality was defined as the primary endpoint. The median age of the patients was 59 years, 23.4% were female. The CALLY index was categorized into low (<0.7) and high (≥0.7). Age (p = 0.038), concomitant atrial fibrillation (p = 0.023), previous CABG (p = 0.001), ACE-I/ARB/ARNI use (p = 0.015), diuretic use (p = 0.021), and a low-CALLY index (p < 0.001) were identified as independent predictors of all-cause mortality in multivariate cox regression analysis. When compared to other prognostic scores according to AUC in ROC analysis, the CALLY index demonstrated the best ability to predict all-cause mortality. Additionally, patients with a high-CALLY index exhibited significantly better survival outcomes compared to those with a low-CALLY index (log-rank:p < 0.001). CALLY index can be utilized as a novel prognostic score for predicting all-cause mortality in ACS patients who have undergone pPCI.

Background: The comparison of outcomes of mini‐crush (MCT) versus double kissing crush (DKC) techniques for complex left main bifurcation (LMB) lesions is still lacking. This investigation aimed to assess the long‐term outcomes of patients who underwent MCT or DKC for LMB disease. Methods: From 2014 to 2024, patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention for complex LMB lesions were retrospectively collected. The primary end point was major adverse cardiac events as the combination of cardiac death, target vessel myocardial infarction, or clinically driven target lesion revascularization during follow‐up. The secondary end point was measured as major adverse cardiovascular and cerebral events including all‐cause death, target vessel revascularization, target vessel myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis, and stroke. Results: This large‐scale multicenter (n=13) observational study included a total of 531 consecutive patients (men: 405 [76.3%], mean age: 63.16±11.26 years) with complex LMB lesions who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention. The initial revascularization strategy was MCT in 313 (59%) patients and DKC in 218 (41%) patients. The number of balloons used (5.91±1.53 versus 6.72±1.70, P <0.001) and procedure time (66.60±24.20 versus 72.97±19.97 minutes, P <0.001) were notably lower in the MCT group. In the overall population, the long‐term major adverse cardiac events (hazard ratio [HR], 0.704; P =0.169) and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebral events (HR, 0.660; P =0.079) did not differ in individuals with complex LMB lesions treated with MCT and DKC. Other end points were also comparable between the 2 groups. Conclusions: In complex LMB lesions, risk‐adjusted major adverse cardiac events and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebral events rates were comparable between both techniques, with a nonsignificant trend favoring DKC at long‐term follow‐up. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique Identifier: NCT06546748.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a common genetic heart disease and up to 40%-60% of patients have mutations in cardiac sarcomere protein genes. This genetic diagnosis study aimed to detect pathogenic or likely pathogenic sarcomeric and non-sarcomeric gene mutations and to confirm a final molecular diagnosis in patients diagnosed with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. A total of 392 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were included in this nationwide multicenter study conducted at 23 centers across Türkiye. All samples were analyzed with a 17-gene hypertrophic cardiomyopathy panel using next-generation sequencing technology. The gene panel includes ACTC1, DES, FLNC, GLA, LAMP2, MYBPC3, MYH7, MYL2, MYL3, PLN, PRKAG2, PTPN11, TNNC1, TNNI3, TNNT2, TPM1, and TTR genes. The next-generation sequencing panel identified positive genetic variants (variants of unknown significance, likely pathogenic or pathogenic) in 12 genes for 121 of 392 samples, including sarcomeric gene mutations in 30.4% (119/392) of samples tested, galactosidase alpha variants in 0.5% (2/392) of samples and TTR variant in 0.025% (1/392). The likely pathogenic or pathogenic variants identified in 69 (57.0%) of 121 positive samples yielded a confirmed molecular diagnosis. The diagnostic yield was 17.1% (15.8% for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy variants) for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy phenocopies and 0.5% for Fabry disease. Our study showed that the distribution of genetic mutations, the prevalence of Fabry disease, and TTR amyloidosis in the Turkish population diagnosed with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were similar to the other populations, but the percentage of sarcomeric gene mutations was slightly lower.

Background/Objectives: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a monogenic dyslipidemia that leads to early cardiovascular events. Subclinical atherosclerosis refers to the formation of atheromatous plaques in arterial beds before any clinical events. In our study, we investigated the presence, extent, and independent predictors of subclinical atherosclerosis among patients diagnosed with FH. Methods: This was a single-center, prospective, and cross-sectional study. This original study included 215 patients diagnosed with FH from a cohort of 1145 individuals assessed according to the Dutch Lipid Clinical Network (DLCN) criteria. Carotid and femoral ultrasonography were performed, and the coronary artery calcium score was measured to screen for subclinical atherosclerosis. Apolipoprotein A-I, apolipoprotein B, and lipoprotein (a) were analyzed using the nephelometric method. Results: The study cohort comprised 136 females (63%) with a mean age of 54 (43–62) years. The stigmata rate was 18%. The rate of statin use during subclinical atherosclerosis screening was 32% and only eight patients (4%) attained LDL-C values < 70 mg/dL. Subclinical atherosclerosis was observed in 148 patients (69%), with rates of 48%, 47.5%, and 40.5% in the coronary arteries, carotid bifurcation, and femoral bifurcation, respectively. Advanced age, male sex, high pretreatment low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) level, diabetes, and a low Apo A-I/Apo B ratio were identified as independent predictors of subclinical atherosclerosis. Lp(a) levels ≥ 30 mg/dL predicted coronary atherosclerosis, while diabetes and low Apo A-I/Apo B ratios predicted carotid atherosclerosis, and smoking predicted femoral atherosclerosis. Conclusions: Subclinical atherosclerosis is prevalent, and medication adherence remains suboptimal among FH patients. Screening for subclinical atherosclerosis may impact the treatment strategies, via an increase in physician commitment to treatment protocols and improving patient compliance.

Background: Evaluation of left ventricular (LV) function in patients with idiopathic premature ventricular contraction (PVC) with preserved LV ejection fraction (LVEF), especially in the subclinical stage, may be of great importance in terms of directing early treatment. Methods: A total of 122 patients, retrospectively recruited, were divided into three groups according to PVC burden: Group 1; 5% ≤ PVC < 10%, Group 2; 10% ≤ PVC < 15%, and Group 3; 15% ≤ PVC. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) was performed to evaluate LV parameters. Results: LV-GLS (Global longitudinal strain) was found to be significantly lower in groups 2 and 3 with high PVC burden (18.9% ± 1.4, 17.5% ± 2.1, 16.3% ± 1.3; p < 0.001, respectively). Correlation analysis revealed a positive and significant correlation between PVC burden and deterioration in LV-GLS (r: 0.536; p < 0.001). In addition, PVC burden was found to be an independent predictor of LV-GLS deterioration in multiple linear regression analysis (β: 0.525, p < 0.001). The ROC curve analysis demonstrated that a PVC burden cut-off value of 8.4% was associated with a LV-GLS deterioration greater than −18, with a specificity of 75.4% and a sensitivity of 75.4% (AUC: 0.81 [0.73–0.88] 95% CI; p < 0.001). Conclusions: PVC burden was an independent predictor of deterioration in LV-GLS. The presence of LV-GLS deterioration due to PVC burden emphasizes the necessity for closer patient monitoring, observation of the response to pharmacological treatment, and evaluation of early invasive treatment strategies in selected patient groups.