Mineral resources are important industrial raw materials and the cornerstone of ensuring industrial production, especially metal ores. With the continuous development and progress of artificial intelligence technology, it is of great significance to apply artificial intelligence technology to mining. Computer vision technology, as a sensor that collects information like a human “eye”, is becoming increasingly important in ensuring mining safety, improving mining continuity, and reducing environmental interference through computer vision methods. In this context, this paper focuses on general problems of metal mineral resources, the sustainability of exploration, drilling and blasting, transport, personnel safety, and security. It describes the latest progress of computer vision technology in each link and summarizes and looks forward to the key technical methods. It also summarizes and looks ahead to the key technical methods in each area. The research results show that the application of computer-vision-related technologies in related links not only greatly improves production efficiency but also reduces environmental interference and the probability of production safety accidents, effectively ensuring sustainable mining. In the future, to achieve unmanned mining throughout the entire process, it will be necessary to combine computer vision technology with other specialties such as intelligent control and intelligent perception to achieve a technological breakthrough throughout the entire process.