In-situ porous mullite ceramics with varying pore size and porosity were fabricated using 3D printing. The pore size was controlled by adjusting the size of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) microspheres. The effect of sintering temperature on phase evolution was also examined. Additionally, the impact of PMMA microsphere size and content on the rheological properties of the printing inks was investigated. The results indicated that alumina and microsilica fully transformed into mullite at 1550 °C. The influence of PMMA microsphere content and size on the porosity, mechanical properties, and thermal conductivity of 3D-printed porous mullite ceramics was also studied. The 3D-printed porous mullite ceramic prepared with 15 μm PMMA microspheres exhibited a porosity of 44.38%, a flexural strength of 58.53 MPa, and a thermal conductivity of 2.21 W/(m·K). This printing strategy offers a simple and effective method for fabricating porous mullite ceramics.

The present study investigates the global buckling behavior of sandwich beams with graded lattice cores. The continuous equivalent theory is utilized to construct a discrete graded lattice core sandwich beam for a continuously varying gradient beam, whose material properties vary with position. A theoretical model of sandwich beams with graded lattice cores is established using the energy method. Finite element models are developed in ABAQUS to validate the theoretical results. Furthermore, four sets of specimens were manufactured and tested to validate the theoretical analysis methods used. The effects of the graded parameters and geometric parameters on the critical buckling load of sandwich beams with graded lattice cores are discussed. The graded lattice sandwich beams exhibit global buckling when the graded parameter is small, with the influence on buckling performance being minor. However, as the graded parameter increases, the graded lattice sandwich beams experience local buckling, and their buckling resistance weakens. Therefore, graded parameters that are too large and cause local buckling should be avoided in gradient design.

The viscoelastic behavior of functionally graded (FG) materials significantly affects their vibration performance, making it necessary to establish theoretical analysis methods. Although fractional-order methods can be used to set up the vibration differential equations for viscoelastic, functionally graded beams, solving these fractional differential equations typically involves complex iterative processes, which makes the vibration performance analysis of viscoelastic FG materials challenging. To address this issue, this paper proposes a simple method to predict the vibration behavior of viscoelastic FG beams. The fractional viscoelastic, functionally graded porous (FGP) beam is modeled based on the Euler–Bernoulli theory and the Kelvin–Voigt fractional derivative stress-strain relation. Employing the variational principle and the Hamilton principle, the partial fractional differential equation is derived. A method based on Bernstein polynomials is proposed to directly solve fractional vibration differential equations in the time domain, thereby avoiding the complex iterative procedures of traditional methods. The viscoelastic, functionally graded porous beams with four porosity distributions and four boundary conditions are investigated. The effects of the porosity coefficient, pore distribution, boundary conditions, fractional order, and viscoelastic coefficient are analyzed. The results show that this is a feasible method for analyzing the viscoelastic behavior of FGP materials.

Thermal camouflage technologies manipulate heat fluxes to conceal objects from thermographic detection, offering potential solutions for thermal management in high-power-density electronics. Most reported approaches are aimed at scenarios where the target is not a heat source; however, any target with a non-zero temperature emits thermal radiation described by the Stefan–Boltzmann law since the thermal radiation of an object is proportional to the fourth power of its temperature (T⁴). To address this issue, this study proposes a thermal camouflage device that considers the influence of radiative thermal transfer from the target. The underlying principle involves maintaining synchronous heat transfer separately along both the device and background surfaces. Numerical simulation confirms the feasibility of this proposed thermal camouflage strategy. Moreover, by altering some parameters related to the target such as geometry, location, temperature, and surface emissivity, excellent performance can be achieved using this device. This work advances thermal management strategies for high-power electronics and infrared-sensitive systems, with applications in infrared stealth, thermal diagnostics, and energy-efficient heat dissipation.

Thermal camouflage technologies manipulate heat fluxes to conceal objects from thermographic detection, offering potential solutions for thermal management in high-power-density electronics. Although most reported approaches are aimed at sce-narios where the target is not a heat source, however, any target with a non-zero tem-perature emits thermal radiation described by the Stefan-Boltzmann law, since the thermal radiation of an object is proportional to the fourth power of its temperature (T4). To address this issue, this study proposes a thermal camouflage device that con-siders the influence of radiative thermal transfer from the target. The underlying prin-ciple involves maintaining synchronous heat transfer separately along both the device and background surfaces. Numerical Simulation confirm the feasibility of this pro-posed thermal camouflage strategy. Moreover, by altering some parameters related to the target such as geometry, location, temperature, and surface emissivity, excellent performance can be achieved using this device. This work advances thermal manage-ment strategies for high-power electronics and infrared-sensitive systems, with appli-cations in infrared stealth, thermal diagnostics, and energy-efficient heat dissipation.