The data derived from Local Climate Zone (LCZ) field measurements can contribute to the construction of regional climate datasets with urban heat island (UHI) effects and accurately present urban heat island intensity (UHII) characteristics in different areas, thereby improving the accuracy of building energy consumption simulations. This study focuses on Shenyang, a severe cold-region city, as the research area. By mapping the LCZs in the central city of Shenyang and selecting eight different types of LCZ plots for field temperature measurement, the UHI effect of various LCZs in Shenyang was analyzed. Air temperature and UHII were used to evaluate the UHII characteristics of LCZs under typical meteorological conditions. Additionally, this study investigated the temperature dynamics and heating/cooling rates of each LCZ under typical meteorological days. The results reveal significant differences in UHII characteristics among LCZ types, closely related to their surface structure and land cover characteristics. These findings further validate the effectiveness of the LCZ classification method in severe cold regions. The data obtained in this study can be used as high-precision climate model parameters for urban energy consumption models and building energy efficiency models, thus making simulation results more consistent with local characteristics and enabling more accurate energy consumption predictions.

Global warming and urbanization have exacerbated the urban heat island (UHI) effect, threatening human settlements and public health. Existing studies have primarily focused on analyzing urban thermal environment characteristics throughout the year or in specific seasons; however, research examining the urban thermal environment at different stages within a season is scarce. This study employed Local Climate Zone (LCZ) classification and focused on Shenyang, a representative city in China’s severe cold regions. Based on field measurements and multi-source meteorological data, we investigated the differences in thermal environment across seven LCZs throughout summer and at different summer stages. The result show that the UHI effect in Shenyang significantly intensified at nighttime and weakened during the daytime. Built-type LCZs 2 and 4 exhibited the highest nighttime urban heat island intensities (UHIIs), with maximum values of 7.6 °C and 5.4 °C, respectively. The duration of the daytime urban cold island effect in built-type LCZs increased significantly in mid-summer and late-summer. Land cover-type LCZ A exhibited the urban cold island effect only during the daytime throughout the summer. The UHII remained relatively stable across all LCZs during mid-summer. This study provides empirical support for developing targeted heat risk mitigation strategies for cities in severe cold regions.