Background: Chronic lung disease (CLD) is one of the most prevalent noncommunicable diseases globally, significantly burdening patients and increasing health care expenditures. Digital health education (DHE) is increasingly important in chronic disease prevention and management. However, DHE characteristics and impacts in CLD are rarely reported. Objective: This study aimed to provide an overview of the existing literature on DHE for CLD, with a focus on exploring the DHE mediums, content, mechanisms, and reported outcomes in patients with CLD. Methods: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, PsycINFO, and The Cochrane Library with the assistance of a librarian specialist. Articles were screened by the reviewer team with ASReview (Utrecht University) and EndNote X9 (Clarivate Analytics) based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria and the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) checklist. Quality assessment was conducted with the Critical Appraisal Skills Program tool. A descriptive analysis was used to summarize the study characteristics, DHE characteristics, and outcomes. Results: A total of 22 studies were included in this review with medium or high quality. They were published between 2000 and 2022, showing an increasing publication trend with the year, mostly in developed countries (16/22, 73%). Websites and mobile apps (10/22, 45%) were the most widely used DHE medium. Education on self-management skills of CLD was the primary topic (21/22, 95%), 4/22 (18%) of which mentioned DHE mechanisms. The majority of studies reported positive changes in CLD awareness (14/16, 88%), clinical outcomes (3/6, 50%), DHE feasibility, acceptability, and satisfaction (6/8, 75%), lifestyle outcomes (3/3, 100%), and psychosocial outcomes (7/8, 88%). Only 2 studies reported cost-effectiveness (2/22, 9%). Conclusions: Despite the heterogeneity of the study situation, some aspects can be concluded. DHE can improve disease awareness and clinical outcomes in patients with chronic lung disease, with good feasibility, acceptability, and satisfaction through different mediums and learning content. There is still relatively little research among people in low- and middle-income countries. Future research should consider the impact on cost-effectiveness, duration, frequency, and theoretical mechanisms of the DHE to maximize the potential impact. It should also be conducted in the context of health services research to better reflect the real world.

Aim: To trace the historical evolution of hospital nursing centrism in China (1835–present) and examine how institutional path dependence has shaped the subordinate status of nursing within a doctor‐dominated healthcare system. Background/Introduction: Despite major expansions in nursing education and policy advocacy, China's nursing profession remains structurally marginalized. Understanding the roots of this subordination requires a historical and institutional lens. Methods: Drawing on path dependence theory, this study analyzes five critical phases in the development of nursing in China from 1835 to the present. A four‐dimensional analytical framework that encompasses professional, organizational, fiscal, and governance institutions was applied to archival records, policy documents, academic studies, and interview data. Results or Findings: Findings reveal that nursing has been persistently embedded in a “doctor‐led, nurse‐subordinate” governance structure. Although educational and legislative reforms expanded nursing's professional scope, entrenched institutional arrangements across the four dimensions have locked nursing into a structurally dependent position. Discussion: The historical institutionalization of nursing as an auxiliary role has limited its professional identity, participation in governance, and access to resources. The analysis highlights the limitations of reforms focused solely on education and policy without restructuring governance mechanisms. Conclusion: The professional development of nursing in China has been constrained by enduring path‐dependent forces. To achieve true professionalization, reforms must address deep‐seated institutional logics. Implications for Nursing and Nursing Policy: Professional empowerment requires the redesign of nursing roles, decision‐making power, and career pathways within hospital governance. Policy reforms should dismantle hierarchical governance structures and institutionalize nurses’ participation in leadership, ensuring equitable distribution of authority and resources.

To cross-culturally adapt the Fear and Avoidance of Memory Loss (FAM) scale and assess the psychometric properties in the Chinese cultural context. Following Beaton's guidelines, the FAM scale was translated and adapted. A cross-sectional study assessed its psychometric properties, including internal consistency (coefficient omega, Cronbach's alpha), test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients), and criterion and content validity. Construct validity was assessed through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) using principal axis factoring with direct oblimin rotation, with the optimal number of factors determined by the Kaiser criterion and parallel analysis. The Chinese version of FAM showed satisfactory internal consistency, test-retest reliability, content validity and criterion validity. EFA revealed a two-factor solution of the Chinese FAM scale, leading to a refined 17-item version after excluding item 15 for low factor loading. The adapted 17-item FAM scale can be used as a reliable and effective tool to evaluate fear avoidance specific to memory loss among Chinese middle-aged and older adults. The removal of item 15 suggests potential cultural influences on coping mechanisms and behaviors, indicating the need for further research.