Background/Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the incidence and severity of refractive errors that occur following the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) with anti-vascular growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents and laser photocoagulation. Methods: A review of the literature using three databases (PubMed, Embase, Medline) was performed using appropriate search terms, and the results of the relevant studies were compiled and extracted for descriptive analysis. Results: Sixty articles were identified. The cohorts in the studies were treated with either anti-VEGF monotherapy, laser photocoagulation, or a combination, with a high prevalence of myopia, ranging from 0 to 47.7%. Refractive errors of myopia, hypermetropia, astigmatism, and anisometropia were considered in infants who received ocular interventions for ROP. Conclusions: In comparison to laser photocoagulation, anti-VEGF monotherapy appears to yield lower levels of myopia and anisometropia; however, the incidence of hypermetropia and astigmatism is variable among cohort groups treated with different anti-VEGF agents.

Orbital abscesses are caused by infection within or near the orbit and show obvious signs of pain, proptosis and raised inflammatory markers. Diagnosis is based on clinical features and radiological imaging, and requires early antibiotics and often surgical drainage to save vision. Sub-Tenon’s injections of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) have caused localized infections in previous reports, which have responded to therapeutic interventions. Here we report a case where a delayed presentation of an orbital abscess secondary to sub-Tenon’s TA for persistent post-operative cystoid macular oedema, without obvious signs of infection, rapidly progressed to cause orbital compartment syndrome. Despite treatment, the patient lost complete vision in the affected eye. This case discusses the rare and unusual cause of abscess formation and a diagnostic dilemma.