Over the past few years, the cancer-related disease has had a high mortality rate and incidence worldwide, despite clinical advances in cancer treatment. The drugs used for cancer therapy, have high side effects in addition to the high cost. Subsequently, to reduce these side effects, many studies have suggested the use of natural bioactive compounds. Among these, which have recently attracted the attention of many researchers, quercetin has such properties. Quercetin, a plant flavonoid found in fresh fruits, vegetables and citrus fruits, has anti-cancer properties by inhibiting tumor proliferation, invasion, and tumor metastasis. Several studies have demonstrated the anti-cancer mechanism of quercetin, and these mechanisms are controlled through several signalling pathways within the cancer cell. Pathways involved in this process include apoptotic, p53, NF-κB, MAPK, JAK/STAT, PI3K/AKT, and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. In addition to regulating these pathways, quercetin controls the activity of oncogenic and tumor suppressor ncRNAs. Therefore, in this comprehensive review, we summarized the regulation of these signalling pathways by quercetin. The modulatory role of quercetin in the expression of various miRNAs has also been discussed. Understanding the basic anti-cancer mechanisms of these herbal compounds can help prevent and manage many types of cancer.

Purpose: The pharmacokinetics of a 2% ocular solution of azithromycin in DuraSite was evaluated in rabbits to determine whether the PK/PD parameters support a once-a-day for three-day therapeutic regimen against bacterial conjunctivitis. Materials and Methods: Mean levels of azithromycin were determined in tears, bulbar conjunctiva, cornea, and plasma following a single drop of 2% azithromycin. The levels were determined by HPLC-MS. Results: Concentrations of azithromycin peaked at 30 minutes. At the end of 24 hours, ocular tissue concentrations exceeded the MIC breakpoint for the most common causative pathogens of bacterial conjunctivitis by at least 7-fold. Conclusion: The PK/PD profile of 2% azithromycin suggests efficacy against common causative bacteria with just one dose per day for three days.

The increasing recognition of the types and functions of non-coding RNAs has opened new avenues for their use as novel therapeutic strategies in the treatment of chronic diseases such as hypertension. While most preclinical and clinical studies on hypertension focus on prognosis and treatment, there are still no specific therapeutic approaches for primary and essential hypertension. Modest efficacy and reduced long-term adherence to treatment underscore the need for novel, mechanism-based strategies to address the underlying molecular mechanisms. AntimiRs, as synthetic RNA molecules, and circular RNAs (circRNAs), as naturally occurring RNA species that function as microRNA sponges, could play a crucial role in regulating the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). These non-coding RNAs hold significant potential as innovative approaches for managing primary and essential hypertension. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of circRNA-miRNA interactions involved in hypertension regulation via modulation of the RAS, their mechanisms of action, therapeutic advantages, and the major translational challenges, including delivery efficiency, off-target effects, and safety concerns. Optimization of the delivery systems, validating long-term efficacy, and navigating regulatory pathways to bring these promising ncRNA-based therapies closer to preclinical and clinical research of antimiR-based therapies are addressed. Furthermore, this review highlights the potential of these new RNA targets to fill the current therapeutic void and contribute to the advancement of precision medicine in hypertension and related cardiovascular diseases treatment.

Background: Eryngium is a genus with 274 species, which belongs to the Umbelliferae family. The nine species of this genus are endemic to Iran. The existence of terpenoids, saponins, flavonoids, and steroid components in most Eryngium species is the reason behind their anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and especially, anti-diabetic effects among the well-known medicinal plants. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of anti-diabetic features of Eryngium thyrsoideum and caucasicum on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Methods: The extract of the plants’ dried samples was prepared by using 70% ethanol solvent and adopting the maceration method. The mice were divided into eight groups, and the mice with a high blood glucose of more than 200 mg/dL were assigned to diabetic groups. Diabetic animals received different doses of the extract orally or through intraperitoneal (IP) injection for eighteen days. The animals were anesthetized by IP injection of ketamine and xylazine, and serum samples were isolated. Results: The results showed that hydroalcoholic extract of E. thyrsoideum significantly reduced the blood sugar level in diabetic groups receiving the extract (oral and IP) in low (100 mg/kg) and high (300 mg/kg) doses. Overall, oral glucose tolerance decreased significantly after two hours. Coincidental management of STZ and 300 mg/kg of the extract consumed orally reduced the blood sugar level remarkably. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and serum insulin levels significantly decreased and increased, respectively, in the diabetic groups receiving low and high doses (oral and IP) of the E. thyrsoideum extract. In the case of E. caucasicum, no significant effect in terms of reducing blood sugar and other factors was observed. Conclusions: In sum, receiving 100 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg of hydroalcoholic extract (oral and IP) decreased the blood sugar level, while receiving oral glucose tolerance, serum MDA, and serum insulin caused a significant increase.