We present the demonstration of an integrated Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave LiDAR on a silicon platform. The waveform calibration, the scanning system and the balanced detectors are implemented on chip. Detection and ranging of a moving hard target at up to 60 m with less than 5 mW of output power is demonstrated here.

Frequency-modulated continuous-wave lidar is evaluated for range finding, velocimetry, and laser anemometry. An original signal processing and waveform calibration for range finding leads to a reduction of computational effort while preserving capability for long-range measurement. Multiple target distance measurement is also demonstrated. For laser anemometry, the aim is to avoid parasitic echoes in the vicinity of a helicopter and to measure the air speed at the shortest distance farther than the rotor-induced turbulent volume around the helicopter. Flight tests of this functionality and vortex ring state warning are demonstrated.

Original waveforms and optimized signal processing are proposed for frequency-modulated continuous-wave lidar for range finding, velocimetry, and laser anemometry. For range finding, the aim of this signal processing is to extend lidar range and reduce ambiguities. Moreover, the effect of moderate atmospheric turbulence on lidar efficiency is analyzed for infinite and finite targets, taking into account wind-induced bistatism. For laser anemometry, the aim is to measure air speed at the shortest distance farther than the rotor-induced turbulent volume around the helicopter and to avoid parasitic echoes coming from clouds or hard targets in the vicinity of a helicopter.

Clear-air turbulence could be detected at long range using a UV lidar. Because the vertical speed cannot be retrieved from Doppler shift analysis at long range, the turbulence detection is based on the measurement of molecular density fluctuation associated with the turbulent wind. After an optimization of the characteristics of the candidate UV lidar, we present an evaluation of the detection range and of the false alarm rate and missed alarm rate depending on the altitude and vertical velocity root mean square. This study shows that 96% of turbulence with vertical velocity leading to dislodging of unsecured objects in the airplane can be detected at $15\mathrm{km}$ using a $2\mathrm{W}$ laser at $355\mathrm{nm}$ with a false alarm rate of 0.18 per flight hour.

Frequency-modulated continuous-wave lidar is evaluated for laser anemometry for helicopter, range finding and velocimetry at long range. Optimized signal processing is described as well as demonstration of range-finding/velocimetry from a few meters up to 10 km.