Recently, a new generation of highly promising inhibitors bearing β-keto-enol functionality has emerged. Reported herein is the first synthesis and use of novel designed drugs based on the β-keto-enol group embedded with heterocyclic moieties such as pyrazole, pyridine, and furan, prepared in a one-step procedure by mixed Claisen condensation. All the newly synthesized compounds were characterized by FT-IR, ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, ESI/LC-MS, elemental analysis, and evaluated for their in vitro antiproliferative activity against breast cancer (MDA-MB241) human cell lines and fungal strains (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp albedinis FAO). Three of the synthesized compounds showed potent activity against fungal strains with IC₅₀ values in the range of 0.055–0.092 µM. The results revealed that these compounds showed better IC₅₀ values while compared with positive controls.

Nowadays, is emerging a new generation of highly promising inhibitors bearing the β-ketoenol functionality. The present work relates to the first synthesis, the structure determination, the DFT studies and the use of a new biomolecule designed with a β-ketoenol group bounded to a pyrazolic moiety. A novel β-ketoenol-pyrazole has been synthesized, well characterized and its structure was confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The electron densities and the HOMO–LUMO gap have been calculated using the DFT method with BLYP, PW91, PWC functionals and 6-31G* basis set. An evaluation of the molecule stability is provided by a NBO analysis and the calculated Fukui and Parr functions have been used to locate the reactive electrophile and nucleophile centers in the molecule. The synthesized compound, screened for its in vitro antifungal behavior against the Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. albedinis FAO fungal strains, shows a moderate activity with an inhibition percentage of 46%. The product was also tested against three bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Micrococcus luteus), but no significant effect was observed against these organisms. Density functional calculations are used to evaluate the HOMO–LUMO energy gap, the molecular electrostatic potential and to provide a natural bond orbital analysis. The measured antimicrobial activities encourage us to continue searching for other structures, likely to be good antifungal candidates.

Bayoud disease affects date palms in North Africa and the Middle East, and many researchers have used various methods to fight it. One of those methods is the chemical use of synthetic compounds, which raises questions centred around the compounds and common features used to prepare targeted molecules. In this review, 100 compounds of tested small molecules, collected from 2002 to 2022 in Web of Sciences, were divided into ten different classes against the main cause of Bayoud disease pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis (F.o.a.) with structure–activity relationship (SAR) interpretations for pharmacophore site predictions as (δ⁻···δ⁻), where 12 compounds are the most efficient (one compound from each group). The compounds, i.e., (Z)-1-(1.5-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-3-yl)-3-hydroxy but-2-en-1-one 7, (Z)-3-(phenyl)-1-(1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-3-yl)-3-hydroxyprop-2-en-1-one 23, (Z)-1-(1,5-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-3-yl)-3-hydroxy-3-(pyridine-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one 29, and 2,3-bis-[(2-hydroxy-2-phenyl)ethenyl]-6-nitro-quinoxaline 61, have antifungal pharmacophore sites (δ⁻···δ⁻) in common in N1---O4, whereas other compounds have only one δ⁻ pharmacophore site pushed by the donor effect of the substituents on the phenyl rings. This specificity interferes in the biological activity against F.o.a. Further understanding of mechanistic drug–target interactions on this subject is currently underway.

Chiliadenus glutinosus (L.) Fourr., commonly known as Rock tea or “Assel Lahmir,” is a plant of the Asteraceae family widely used in eastern Morocco for treating various ailments. This study examines the biological activities of its essential oil (CGEO) through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS), in vitro assays, and molecular docking. CGEO is rich in oxygenated sesquiterpenes (80.72%), with nerolidol (25.34%), β-eudesmol (19.12%), and γ-eudesmol (16.58%) as the main compounds. The oil demonstrated strong antioxidant activity in the DPPH assay (IC₅₀: 81.21 ± 0.09 µg/mL) and high total antioxidant capacity (649.29 ± 7.91 µg AAE/mg), outperforming ascorbic acid. CGEO exhibited potent antimicrobial effects, particularly against S. aureus, L. innocua, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa, with MIC values of 0.125%–0.5% (v/v). Additionally, CGEO showed inhibitory activities against α-amylase, α-glycosidase, xanthine oxidase, and tyrosinase (IC50: 32.33–54.32 mg/mL), indicating potential for managing diabetes, gout, and skin disorders. Molecular docking confirmed the bioactivity of its compounds, enhancing the understanding of CGEO's diverse therapeutic properties. These findings underscore CGEO’s potential applications in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and food industries.