The purpose of the study is to compare microleakage after root end resection of the two materials (MTA and Biodentine) for two different apical cavity preparation using the method of penetration of dye - 0, 2 % Rodamine B. \ud Materials and Methods: Forty-eight extracted single-rooted human teeth were used in this study. The resection was made at 3 mm from the root tip with a high speed diamond bur at an angle of 90 degree to the long axis of the tooth. For the retrofilling, ProRoot MTA and Biodentine were used. The teeth were divided into 5 groups: 1st group (10 teeth) – the apical cavity was prepared with stainless steel fissure bur #10 at 3 mm depth in the root canal parallel to the long axis of the tooth and is filled retrograde with MTA. 3rd group (10 teeth) - retrofilling with Biodentine. 2 nd group (10 teeth) - with a round bur apical cavity was prepared with a concave shape and cavity along the root canal with a depth of 3 mm and retrograde obturation with MTA. 4th group (10 teeth) - retrofilling with Biodentine. 5th group (8 teeth) - control group - with preparation of the cavity after resection without retrofilling. The outer surface of the root is covered with two layers of varnish, with the exception of the apical 3 mm then immersed in 0.2% Rodamine B for 72 h. The degree of penetration of the dye is measured in millimeters. \ud Results: Relative highest median value of penetration of the dye in mm is in the control group. MTA group has a higher value in mm versus the Biodentine. The apical preparation with a concave shape and cavity along the root canal with a depth of 3 mm after apicoectomy is important to reduce apical microleakage. \ud Conclusion: Different apical cavity preparations in both types of material have led to the microleakage dye, but to varying degrees

Aims and Objectives: This in vitro study aimed to compare the efficacy of three different irrigation methods in removing calcium hydroxide from curved root canals and to estimate the amount of residual medicament using microcomputed tomography. Materials and Methods: Thirty extracted molars with curved mesial root canals, ranging from 25° to 30°, were prepared with ProTaper Next using X2 to full working length and were filled with calcium hydroxide. Teeth also were randomly divided into four groups: group 1 (n = 8)— Erbium: Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet (Er:YAG) laser; group 2 (n = 8)—EndoActivator; group 3 (n = 8)—EndoVac; and a control group (n = 6)—negative control with no calcium hydroxide. Microcomputed tomography was used to evaluate the residual amount of filling material. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 26, with a significance level of 0.05. Descriptive statistics, student t test, and Chi-square test were applied for data analysis. Results: The greatest amount of residual calcium hydroxide was observed in the samples with EndoVac irrigation (0.515 mm³), followed by EndoActivator (0.381 mm³) and Er:YAG laser (0.121 mm³). However, no statistically significant difference was observed between the groups. The greatest residual amount was observed in the apical third (0.419 mm³), followed by the middle (0.050 mm³) and the coronal (0.015 mm³). Conclusions: No statistically significant differences were observed in the efficacy of the tested techniques for removing calcium hydroxide from curved root canals, whereas a significant difference was observed in the distribution of residual material depending on the technique used. The removal of the calcium hydroxide was more effective in the coronal and middle third of the canal. The greatest residual material was found in the apical portion of the root canal.

The aim of this in vitro study was to establish and compare the amount of debris and irrigant extruded apically after root canal preparation with two rotary systems (K3 and RaCe). \ud Methods: Two groups of 24 extracted teeth with single canals were used. In group 1 (12 teeth) the root canals were instrumented using nickel-titanium K3 rotary instruments and “crown-down” technique. In group 2 (12 teeth) the root canals were instrumented using nickel-titanium RaCe rotary instruments and “crown-down” technique. Debris and irrigant extruded from the apical foramen were collected into pre–weighed vials (using Myers and Montgomery technique) and the amounts were determined. Time taken for each instrumentation technique was also determined. The data was input and processed using the statistical software package SPSS 17.0.1. \ud Results: The amount of the debris extruded through apical foramen in group 1 (K3 files) was 0,225 mg and in group 2 (RaCe files) was 0,213 mg. The volume of the extruded irrigant was 0,247 ml in group 1 and 0,238 ml in group 2. Time taken for instrumentation was 8.3 min by RaCe files and 8.7 min by K3 files. The difference in the amount of debris and irrigant produced among two groups was not significant. \ud Conclusions: It was concluded that the RaCe system induces less extruded debris and irrigant through the apical foramen, than the K3 system. The difference between two groups was not significant

Summary: Hermetic sealing of the apical area after root end resection is essential to the success of endodontic surgery. To compare microleakage after root end resection of the two bioceramic sealers without retrograde filling - Total Fill BC Sealer and MTA Fillapex, and two materials for retrograde filling-MTA and Biodentine, using the method of penetration of dye - 2% methylene blue. Forty eight extracted single-rooted human teeth were used in this study. The resection was made at 3 mm from the root tip at an angle of 90 degree to the long axis of the tooth. The teeth were divided into 4 groups: 1st group (n = 9) - root canal obturation with Total Fill BC Sealer without retrograde filling; 2nd group (n = 8) - root canal obturation with MTA Fillapex without retrograde filling. 3rd group (n = 10) - retrograde ultrasonic cavity preparation and filling with MTA. 4th group (n = 8) - retrograde ultrasonic cavity preparation and filling with Biodentine. The outer surface of the root was covered with two layers of varnish, with the exception of the apical 3 mm and then immersed in 2% methylene blue for 72 h. The degree of penetration of the dye is measured in millimeters. The data was entered and processed with the statistical package IBM SPSS Statistics 22.0. We reject the null hypothesis when p < 0.05. With significantly higher value is the arithmetic mean of the group with the root canal obturation with Total Fill BC Sealer without retrograde filling - 2,01 mm; versus a retrograde filling with MTA - 0,68 mm and Biodentin - 0,51 mm; and no statistically significant difference with the group root canal obturation with MTA Fillapex - 1,76 mm. In the four material microleakage dye was observed, but to varying degrees.