In order to verify the existence of an anthrax outbreak, determine its scope, grasp the epidemiological characteristics and find out the cause of the outbreak and recommend preventive and control measures. Etiological hypothesis was developed through descriptive epidemiological methods. Hypotheses were tested by analyzing epidemiological methods by comparing the differences in the incidence of different exposure types. Nucleic acid detection and bacterial isolation and culture in the BSL-2 laboratories. SPSS 21 was used to conduct statistical analysis. A total of 126 family, workshop, shop environment samples and meat samples were collected, and 6 samples were collected from skin lesions of suspected cutaneous anthrax cases. 41 samples were positive by rPCR and 8 strains of Bacillus anthracis were cultivated. Participated in slaughtering, cutting beef of sick cattles was significantly associated with cutaneous anthrax (RR 3.75, 95% CI 1.08–13.07), this behavior is extremely dangerous. Comprehensive analysis of laboratory results and epidemiological survey results and environmental assessments, we judge this epidemic to be an outbreak of cutaneous anthrax, associated with slaughtering and other processes from infected cattle imported from other province.

Escherichia coli sequence type 1193 (ST1193) is an emerging global high-risk clone, but its mother–infant gut carriage remains poorly characterized. Using selective culture, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and whole-genome sequencing, we analyzed 244 samples collected twice, 6 months apart, from 61 mother–infant dyads in Jinan, China, in 2025. Ciprofloxacin-resistant Enterobacterales were recovered from 55 samples (35/122 maternal [28.69%]; 20/122 infant [16.39%]), yielding 58 isolates because three samples contained two species; 54 were E. coli, and 57 were multidrug resistant. ST1193 was most frequent (17/54, 31.48%); all harbored GyrA S83L/D87N and ParC S80I substitutions, whereas none carried screened plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) determinants. Core-genome multilocus sequence typing identified 11 related clusters among 25 E. coli, involving four of eight positive dyads and seven of 13 longitudinally positive individuals, suggesting sharing or repeated detection without proving transmission or continuous carriage. PMQR genes occurred in 15 non-ST1193 isolates. Five closed circular PMQR-positive plasmids had diverse replicons and resistance cargoes; all contained IS26. Four donors yielded target-gene-positive J53 recipient-background colonies at apparent endpoint frequencies of 4.46 × 10⁻⁷–3.69 × 10⁻⁶. These findings distinguish QRDR-mediated resistance in ST1193 from PMQR-positive non-ST1193 backgrounds; selected PMQR elements showed in vitro transfer potential in this selectively cultured mother–infant cohort.