Background/Objectives: There has been an increase in the incidence of comorbidities among very-low-birth-weight infants (VLBWIs), including periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Parenteral nutrition is essential for very-low-birth-weight infants (VLBWIs) who are born with a birth weight of less than 1500 g, but a longer duration of parenteral nutrition is known to have a risk of comorbidity, such as ROP. This study aims to investigate the relationship between the duration of parenteral nutrition and the comorbidities of the VLBWIs. Methods: Using the prospective cohort of Korean neonatal network, we analyzed the perinatal and postnatal data before discharge of the total 2490 subjects born in 2021 and 2022. The primary outcomes were the diagnoses of PVL, BPD, and ROP. The secondary outcomes were the severity of BPD and ROP, treatment of ROP, and proposing the predictive model of comorbidities using the duration of parenteral nutrition. Results: This study found that prolonged parenteral nutrition exceeding 28 days was associated with a higher risk of PVL (odds ratio [OR] 1.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.11, 2.64], p = 0.002) and BPD (OR 1.51, 95% CI [1.10, 2.08], p = 0.011). Furthermore, an intermediate duration of parenteral nutrition was found to be significantly associated with an increased risk of ROP in male subjects. Additionally, a prolonged duration of parenteral nutrition was observed to be linked to greater severity of BPD. Predictive models incorporating the duration of parenteral nutrition demonstrated a high degree of explanatory power in relation to both BPD and ROP. Conclusions: Longer duration of parenteral nutrition has a risk of critical comorbidities in VLBWIs. The nutrition strategy for shorter parenteral nutrition should be encouraged for the prevention of comorbidities.

Aim: Allergic diseases, such as asthma, allergic rhinitis (AR), and atopic dermatitis (AD) are prevalent chronic childhood conditions, with a rising incidence globally and in South Korea. Neonatal jaundice is a common perinatal condition. However, its association with the subsequent development of allergic diseases remains unclear. Methods: This retrospective population‐based cohort study used data from the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database. Participants were categorised according to the history and severity of neonatal jaundice, defined by treatment status. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the risk of neonatal jaundice. Results: Children with neonatal jaundice showed a moderately increased risk of asthma and AR, particularly those who received treatment. Neonatal jaundice requiring treatment showed significantly elevated odds ratios for asthma and AR. Conclusion: Neonatal jaundice requiring treatment was associated with an increased risk of asthma and AR in early childhood. This suggests that the severity of neonatal jaundice may influence the later development of allergic diseases and highlights the need for closer follow‐up of this population.

Purpose: Human parechovirus (HPeV) is one of the major causes of viral meningitis in neonates. Following the COVID‐19 pandemic, a resurgence of HPeV infections was reported worldwide. This exploratory case series is aimed at describing the symptoms of neonatal HPeV meningitis occurring after the lifting of large‐scale quarantine measures. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed eight neonates admitted between June 1, 2023, and September 30, 2023, with fever and HPeV detected in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) using the FilmArray Meningitis/Encephalitis Panel. Demographic variables, clinical presentation, laboratory data, respiratory support requirements, and treatment courses were analyzed. Results: Fever was the primary presenting symptom. Despite the absence of leukocytosis or pleocytosis, fever duration was prolonged (mean 4.3 days). Four patients (50%) exhibited respiratory symptoms requiring high‐flow nasal cannula support. Hyponatremia occurred in two neonates without neurological manifestations—an observation not commonly described in previous cohorts. No patients required invasive ventilation. Conclusion: This small, single‐center series suggests possible variations in neonatal HPeV presentation after the COVID‐19 pandemic; however, findings are preliminary and hypothesis‐generating. Larger multicenter studies with subtype analysis and long‐term neurodevelopmental follow‐up are essential.