An analysis of the international radon regulatory framework identified actual challenges for the design and conduct of indoor radon surveys, though there is little discussion on this issue in the radon community. The main challenges hindering the development of radon regulation on an international scale, particularly in indoor radon surveys include the following: (i) responsibility for indoor radon testing and mitigation, (ii) excessive focus on Radon Priority Areas, (iii) the role of temporal uncertainty in indoor radon testing, (iv) the standardization of indoor radon measurements, and (v) the standardization of thoron EEC measurements and indoor testing. To address these gaps and inconsistencies, actual needs for design and conduct of indoor radon surveys are proposed, covering the aforementioned challenges. The needs statement, including a discussion of solutions, addresses the following key aspects of radon regulation: (1) legislation, (2) radon measurements, (3) awareness, and (4) building protection. The focus remains on the radon measurement aspect, detailing the strategy and tools for conducting indoor radon surveys within a rational approach. This includes the main research activities necessary for the sustainable development of global radon regulation. The final part of the article presents a Rational Method (protocol) of indoor radon measurements serving as a detailed guideline for standardizing indoor radon testing at the international level. This ensures the decision-making reliability of at least 95% and harmonizes relevant national approaches considering traditional measurement protocols using both short-term and long-term measurements. The proposed solutions aim to achieve the goal of a modern design and conduct of indoor radon surveys that are consistent with large-scale (mass) testing and effectively identify hazardous buildings. These solutions are based on a rational approach with convenient tools and active voluntary participation of the population to be implemented within the framework of national radon regulation.

An analysis of the international radon regulatory framework identified actual challenges for design and conduct of indoor radon surveys, though there is little discussion on this issue in the radon community. The main challenges hindering the development of radon regulation on an international scale, particularly in indoor radon surveys include: (i) Responsibility for indoor radon testing and mitigation, (ii) Excessive focus on Radon Priority Areas, (iii) Role of temporal uncertainty in indoor radon testing, (iv) Standardization of indoor radon measurements, and (v) Standardization of thoron EEC measurements and indoor testing. To address these gaps and inconsistencies, actual needs for design and conduct of indoor radon surveys are proposed, covering the aforementioned challenges. The needs statement, including a discussion of solutions, addresses the following key aspects of radon regulation: (1) Legislation, (2) Radon measurements, (3) Awareness, (4) Building protection. The focus remains on the radon measurement aspect, detailing the strategy and tools for conducting indoor radon surveys within a rational approach. This includes the main research activities necessary for the sustainable development of global radon regulation. The final part of the article presents a rational method (protocol) of indoor radon measurements serving as a detail guideline for standardizing indoor radon testing at the international level. This ensures decision-making reliability of at least 95% and harmonizes relevant national approaches considering traditional measurement protocols using both short-term and long-term measurements. The proposed solutions aim to achieve the goal of modern design and conduct of indoor radon surveys, which consists in the large-scale (mass) testing and effectively identify hazardous buildings. These solutions are based on a rational approach with convenient tools and active voluntary participation of the population, to be implemented within the framework of national radon regulation.

Contemporary international terrorism differs a little from the acts of violence that took place in ancient history. The first known example of the use of political terrorism was Sicarii, a Jewish sect operating in Palestine and Egypt in the years 66–73 CE. Virtually all information about this group comes from Flavius Josephus, a first-century Romano-Jewish historian and military leader. The term sicarii itself has a Latin etymology and means murderers or assassins. It comes from the word sica, meaning dagger. It appeared in legal Latin in 81 BCE together with the Act Lex Cornelia de sicariis et veneficis, which was one of the first legal regulations in the field of serious organized crime. The Sicarii, however, fought in their own country with the intention of liberating it from the rule of a foreign power, Rome. To this day, it remains unresolved whether the Sicarii and Zealots belonged to the same political group that used terrorism for political purposes: killings, arson, poisoning water supplies, and even the seizure of the mountain fortress of Masada, ending in mass suicide. And the myth of the desperate courage of the defenders of Masada became the glue of the national consciousness of the citizens of the modern state of Israel.

Terrorism is not a new phenomenon but occurred in societies starting from the ancient times and the Middle Ages. A classic example are the sicarii in Palestine in the first century AD; they used first in the history the tactic of murdering randomly selected people in broad daylight – fighting against the “Romanization” as present terrorists fighting against the “Americanization”. Islam was split from the beginning into the two main, hostile camps - the Sunni majority and Shiite minority. Among the Shiites was created a sect of assassins, who have used similar methods of operation like the twenty-first – century suicide bombers carrying out acts of terror even at the cost of his own life. That's assassins, citing the words of the Prophet Muhammad, developed the doctrine of taqiyya, sacred lies, “religiously-sanctioned deception” that allows you to “keep beliefs in secret.” Today taqiyya is defined as a religiously sanctioned deception made for the purpose of concealing terrorism – and is used by all, not just Shia terrorist groups.