The Sossego iron oxide-copper-gold (IOCG) deposit is situated within the WNW-ESE-trending Canaã shear zone in the southern Copper belt, Carajás province, Brazil. The Sossego deposit consists of two major groups of orebodies (Sequeirinho-Pista-Baiano and Sossego-Curral). The Sequeirinho-Pista-Baiano orebodies are characterized by deep-emplaced magnetite-(apatite) and albite-actinolite-rich zones, whereas the Sossego-Curral orebodies have predominant potassic and chlorite alteration typical of shallow crustal levels. U-Pb (SHRIMP IIe and LA-ICPMS) geochronology on host rocks reveals Mesoarchean (3.08 Ga Xingu Complex, ca. 2.99 Ga Sequeirinho Granite and 2.97 Ga Pista felsic metavolcanic rock) and bimodal Neoarchean (ca. 2.74 Ga Sossego granophyric granite, Curral Granite and gabbronorite) units. Dating of hydrothermal monazite (U-Pb LA-MC-ICPMS) and molybdenite (Re-Os NTIMS) of the Sequeirinho-Pista orebodies rendered ages of ca. 2.71 to 2.68 Ga, while ore-related monazite of the Sossego-Curral orebodies yielded ages of ca. 1.90 to 1.88 Ga. The Neoarchean IOCG-forming events reflect coupling of ductile sinistral transpression with NNE–directed oblique shortening and Neoarchean magmatism (ca. 2.7 Ga). The shallow-emplaced Paleoproterozoic system, formed after progressive exhumation of the deep-emplaced Neoarchean IOCG deposits, coincides in age with the emplacement of 1.88 Ga A-type granites: the latter may have caused regional circulation of magmatic and externally derived fluids along crustal discontinuities, favoring copper-gold ore deposition as well as metallogenic diversity in the Carajás province (e.g., Sn, W, Au-Pd-Pt deposits).

The Grota Funda iron oxide copper-gold (IOCG) deposit is situated within a regional WNW-ESE–striking shear zone in the northwestern portion of the Carajás domain, an Archean (3.0–2.55 Ga) segment of the Carajás Province, Brazil. Metavolcano-sedimentary sequences of the Igarapé-Pojuca Group, comprising basalt, diabase, gabbro, dacite, and banded iron formations, are the main lithotypes recognized in the deposit area. In this sequence, mafic igneous rocks represent the main hosts to the copper (-gold) mineralization stages. The paragenetic evolution of the Grota Funda hydrothermal system encompasses an early high-temperature cal-cic-sodic alteration (albite-hastingsite-scapolite), followed by intense Fe metasomatism (magnetite-grunerite-almandine), potassic alteration with biotite, chlorite-quartz-tourmaline assemblage, and late carbonate-quartz veining. Copper (-gold) mineralization stages are spatially and temporally associated with iron-enriched (mineralization I), potassically altered (mineralization II), and chlorite-altered zones (mineralization III). Molybdenite from grunerite-magnetite veins yielded a Re-Os model age of 2530 ± 60 Ma, which is interpreted as the mineralization I age. The main sulfide ore (mineralization II) predominantly forms breccia bodies characterized by a chalcopyrite-magnetite-sphalerite-pyrrhotite assemblage. Chalcopyrite δ³⁴S values (0.9 ± 0.9‰) point to a magmatic source for sulfur, probably leached from the host mafic rocks. Development of early and high-temperature (>500°C) alteration assemblages is attributed to regional circulation of deep-seated hypersaline and metalliferous fluids. Mixing with moderate- to high-salinity (24–29 wt % NaCl + CaCl₂ equiv) and cooler fluids may have triggered ore precipitation in the main ore zone of mineralization II, due to a decrease in temperature and Cl^– activity. Postore alteration assemblages resulted from considerable temperature and pH decreases.

The Bacuri copper deposit is located about 9 km east of the world-class Sossego iron oxide-copper-gold deposit in the Carajás Province. It is hosted by the ca. 2.84 Ga Serra Dourada granite, the Bacuri Porphyry, and subordinated gabbro. The Bacuri deposit is situated within the regional-scale, WNW-ESE-trending ductile Canaã shear zone, characterized by early albite, scapolite-magnetite, potassium feldspar and biotite-scapolite-magnetite hydrothermal alteration zones. Copper mineralization was controlled and largely simultaneous to the development of a NE-SW-trending transcurrent fault zone. Within this zone, intense chlorite alteration, silicification and quartz veining overlap previous hydrothermal stages. Copper ore ( chalcopyrite-pyrite- magnetite) is disseminated and related to veins and breccias. Chalcopyrite occurs along the mylonitic foliation in chlorite alteration zones, in brecciated quartz-(muscovite-fluorite) and undeformed milky quartz veins and in late potassium feldspar-epidote veinlets with open space textures. The relative temporal history of the Bacuri deposit reveals significant changes in physico-chemical parameters during the system evolution. Contribution of hot hypersaline metalliferous fluids was important during early sodic and potassic alteration stages and related to a regional hydrothermal system developed at relatively deep crustal levels. Influx of externally derived diluted fluids within the NE-SW-trending fault zone favoured the late shallow-emplaced chlorite alteration and silicification, and may have triggered the ore deposition due to decrease of temperaturend salinity, accompanied by fO2 increase and pH decrease. Such significant changes could indicate a hybrid system that evolved in multiple pulses during progressive exhumation