Steviarebaudiana Bertoni (S. rebaudiana for short), native to the Amambay Mountains of South America, is a sweet tasting medicinal plant with a long history of use in traditional medical systems. With the increasing global interest in natural products, their ethnopharmacological value and therapeutic potential have received growing attention from researchers, physicians, patients, and consumers. This review aims to comprehensively assess the ethnobotanical traits, traditional uses, pharmacological activities, major constituents, mechanisms of action, and safety profiles of S. rebaudiana. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using English and Chinese databases—Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, CNKI, Google Scholar, and Elsevier—covering publications up to March 2025, including the keywords “ethnobotany”, “geographical distribution”, “traditional medicine”, “bioactivity”, “phytochemistry”, “pharmacological activities” and “toxicity”. Its taxonomic identity was confirmed using the Medicinal Plant Names Services (MPNS) and Plants of the World Online (POWO). Additional ethnopharmacological monographs and reference works were consulted to supplement database coverage. These findings show that S. rebaudiana has been traditionally used to lower blood glucose levels, reduce inflammation, and promote digestion. Modern research has identified bioactive metabolites, such as diterpenes, flavonoids, and phenolic acids, which exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective effects. These properties have therapeutic potential for the management of metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative conditions and liver dysfunction. Although generally recognized as safe, some studies have reported immunological and reproductive concerns under high-dose or prolonged exposure, underscoring the need for further toxicological and clinical evaluation. In conclusion, this review bridges traditional ethnomedical knowledge with modern pharmacological evidence, providing a foundation for future research and the potential clinical translation of S. rebaudiana in phytotherapy.

Background: The purpose of this study is to analyze the influencing factors associated with Long-COVID in patients infected with Omicron variant of COVID-19 in Changchun City, Jilin Province, China three months after discharge in March 2022. Methods: In this study, we conducted a telephone follow-up based on the real-world data collected from the Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun Tongyuan Shelter Hospital and Changchun Infectious Disease Hospital during the COVID-19 epidemic in Changchun in March 2022. We used the Global COVID-19 Clinical Platform Case Report Form for Post COVID condition as a follow-up questionnaire to collect the general information, past medical history, clinical symptoms, COVID-19 vaccine inoculation doses, and other relevant information to analyze the symptom characteristics of COVID-19 patients three months after discharge from the hospital and related factors affecting Long COVID. Results: A total of 1,806 patients with COVID-19 were included in this study, 977 males and 829 females, with a mean age of 38.5 [30.0, 49.4] years, and the number of female patients suffering from Long COVID (50.87%) was greater than male patients (p = 0.023). The binary logistic regression analysis of factors influencing Long COVID showed that smoking history (OR (95%CI) = 0.551(0.425–0.714), p < 0.001, taking never smoking as a reference), allergy history (OR (95%CI) = 1.618 (1.086–2.413), p-value 0.018, taking no allergy as a reference), first symptoms (OR (95%CI) = 0.636 (0.501–0.807), p < 0.001, with no first symptoms as reference) and COVID-19 vaccine inoculation doses (OR (95%CI) = 1.517 (1.190–1.933), p-value 0.001, with ≤ 2 doses of COVID-19 vaccine inoculation doses as reference) constituted its influencing factors. The first symptoms of patients on admission mainly included fever (512 cases, 71.81%), cough (279 cases, 39.13%) and dry or itchy throat (211 cases, 29.59%). The most common symptoms of Long COVID were persistent fatigue (68 cases), amnesia (61 cases), insomnia (50 cases) and excessive sweating (50 cases). Conclusion: The first symptoms on admission were predominantly fever, cough and dry or itchy throat. The most common symptoms of Long COVID were persistent fatigue, amnesia, insomnia and excessive sweating, and female patients were at a higher risk of Long COVID.

Aim: This study aims to evaluate the effects of the combined application of Diospyros kaki Thunb. [Ebenaceae; Kaki folium] (Persimmon leaf) extract on lipid profiles in adults and to explore its potential role in preventing and treating lipid disorders and associated diseases, including common comorbidities such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, as well as medication-induced dyslipidemia.Methods: From the inception of the database to 1 November 2024, we retrieved randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from eight English and Chinese databases.Results: A total of 704 articles were retrieved, from which 16 studies were selected for inclusion in the systematic review and meta-analysis. These studies encompassed 1,572 patients, with 790 assigned to the treatment group and 782 to the control group. Among the dyslipidemia patients included in the study, the most common comorbidities were coronary artery disease, hypertension, ischemic cerebrovascular disease, and dyslipidemia induced by olanzapine, among others. Compared with the control group, the use of combined Persimmon leaf extract (PLE) significantly reduced total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, while demonstrating a certain degree of improvement in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels.Conclusion: PLE has been shown to be effective in improving blood lipid profiles in patients, suggesting its potential for widespread clinical application. However, the significant heterogeneity observed across existing studies, coupled with the frequent occurrence of methodological flaws, emphasizes the need for well-designed clinical trials with large sample sizes and extended follow-up periods.Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=562090, identifier CRD42024562090.

Background: This study aims to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the association between serum uric acid (SUA) concentrations and clinical outcomes in individuals diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched up to March 2025. Stata (15.1) was employed to assess heterogeneity, perform sensitivity analyses, evaluate publication bias, and execute subgroup analyses. Results: A total of 40 cohort studies involving 105,609 ACS patients were included. The results showed that patients with high serum uric acid (HSUA) had significantly higher risks of all-cause mortality [Hazard Ratio [HR] = 1.81, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.47–2.22, p < 0.001; Odds Ratio [OR] = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.29–2.99, p < 0.05], major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) (HR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.15–1.71, p < 0.05; OR=2.25, 95% CI: 1.73–2.92, p < 0.001), cardiovascular mortality (HR = 2.58, 95% CI: 1.67–3.98, p < 0.001), stroke [risk ratio (RR) = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.08–1.48, p < 0.05], and heart failure (RR = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.72–2.11, p < 0.001) compared to those with non-HSUA level. However, there was no significant effect on the risk of revascularization (RR = 1.09, 95% CI: 0.80–1.47, p = 0.594). Subgroup analyses suggested that follow-up time, type of ACS, treatment methods, and region might influence the observed associations. Additionally, SUA level was also nonlinearly related to all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Conclusion: HSUA level is strongly associated with poor clinical outcomes in ACS patients, including mortality and major cardiovascular events. Given the nonlinear relationship with mortality, SUA could serve as a potentially valuable clinical marker. However, further multicenter studies are needed to confirm these findings.

Introduction: The combination of ginsenoside Rg1 and salidroside (PRC) exhibits cardioprotective potential against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI), yet its underlying mechanism remains unclear. Materials and Methods: An in vivo rat model of MIRI and an in vitro H/R model using H9c2 cardiomyocyte were established. PRC was administered, and its effects on myocardial injury, oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, and endothelial markers were evaluated. Key proteins in the SIRT1/3-PGC-1α-NRF2 pathway and mitophagy (Beclin 1, p62, PINK1, Parkin, TOM20) were analyzed by Western blot. The functional necessity of SIRT1/3 was validated using siRNA knockdown. Results: PRC reduced infarct size, ameliorated mitochondrial ultrastructure, and attenuated oxidative stress in vivo . In vitro , PRC enhanced cell viability, restored ATP and mitochondrial membrane potential, and suppressed ROS production ROS. Mechanistically, PRC activated the SIRT1/3–PGC-1α–NRF2 axis, normalized PINK1/Parkin expression, preserved mitochondrial content (indicated by restored TOM20 levels), and inhibited excessive autophagy (evidenced by downregulated Beclin1 and upregulated p62). Notably, silencing SIRT1 or SIRT3 abolished these protective effects, confirming their essential upstream regulatory roles. Conclusion: PRC attenuates MIRI by activating the SIRT1/3–PGC-1α–NRF2 pathway to modulate PINK1/Parkin-dependent mitophagy, thereby restoring mitochondrial homeostasis. Our study elucidates a novel mechanism underlying this natural product combination and highlights the SIRT1/3 axis as a promising therapeutic target for cardioprotection.

Introduction: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), a major microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus, is closely associated with abnormal lipid metabolism, which contributes to secondary renal injury. The JAML/SIRT1 signaling pathway plays a critical role in regulating renal lipid metabolism during DKD progression. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of Wenyang Jiedu Tongluo Formula (WYJDTLF) on lipid metabolism in DKD, we conducted an animal study using db/db mice.Methods: The mice were treated with WYJDTLF for 4 weeks, and its efficacy was evaluated through assessments of liver and kidney function, lipid profiles, and renal histopathology. Renal injury was examined using Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E), Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS), and Masson’s trichrome staining. Podocyte damage was assessed by quantifying the expression of podocyte marker proteins (Nephrin and NPHS2) using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Additionally, the expression levels of key proteins in the JAML/SIRT1 signaling pathway were analyzed via Western blot (WB).Results: The results demonstrated that WYJDTLF significantly improved liver and kidney function, reduced lipid deposition and inflammatory damage, and alleviated renal fibrosis and pathological injury. These effects were mediated through the regulation of the JAML/SIRT1 signaling pathway. Furthermore, WYJDTLF treatment upregulated the expression of Nephrin and NPHS2, indicating a protective effect on podocyte integrity.Conclusion: Our team has revealed for the first time that the WYJDTLF can improve lipid metabolism abnormalities in db/db mice and alleviate diabetic kidney disease-induced renal pathological damage by inhibiting the JAML/SIRT1 signalling pathway. These findings provide a scientific basis for the potential application of WYJDTLF in the treatment of DKD.