Coal resources still occupy a dominant position in the energy consumption structure, and the prevention and control of coal dust explosion has become an important measure to ensure the safe production of coal. To this end, a new type of environmentally friendly, economical, and efficient composite powder explosion suppressant has been developed. CMS@C₁₂H₂₂O₁₄Fe was prepared by an anti-solvent crystallization method using Chinese Maifan stone (CMS) as the carrier and ferrous gluconate (C₁₂H₂₂O₁₄Fe) as the active component. The physicochemical properties of the explosion suppressant were analyzed using characterization techniques such as SEM and FT-IR. At the same time, the Hartmann tube experimental device was utilized to study the inhibition effect of the detonation suppressor on the coal powder flame, and to determine the optimal loading amount of the active component and the addition amount of the detonation suppressor. The results show that the composite powder synthesized by the anti-solvent crystallization method has a uniform particle size and good structure. The flame was almost completely suppressed when the active component loading was 50 wt.% and the additive amount of the detonation suppressant was 30 wt.%. Finally, a physicochemical synergistic inhibition mechanism of CMS@C₁₂H₂₂O₁₄Fe for coal dust explosion is proposed.