Plant-based preparation of nanomaterials has become a recent global research focus due to its cost-effectiveness, sustainability, and environmentally friendly approach. This study aims to synthesize silver nanoparticles (HAgNPs) using red lentil husk aqueous extract (LHE) and to assess its antibacterial activity. Synthesized HAgNPs were analyzed by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis.), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. The antibacterial efficacy of synthesized HAgNPs was investigated against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC No: 25923), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC No: 29212), Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC No: 700603), and Shigella sonnei (ATCC No: 25931) at varying concentrations via the agar well diffusion scheme. The UV-vis absorption maximum observed around 420 nm directed the creation of HAgNPs. The shifting of peak positions in the FTIR spectrum of the synthesized HAgNPs compared to the FTIR spectrum peak positions of LHE indicated the involvement of biomolecules present in LHE in reducing silver ions to metallic silver. XRD examination of the prepared sample suggested face-centred cubic crystals of the HAgNPs. The average particle dimension of prepared HAgNPs was 8.9 nm by the Debye–Scherer equation. An FESEM examination of the synthesized HAgNPs revealed spherical morphology, while the EDX study showed that silver (Ag⁰) was the predominant component, comprising 62.3% by weight. The synthesized HAgNPs displayed a higher DPPH radical scavenging capacity (IC₅₀ = 38.87 ± 3.52 µg/mL) than that of LHE (IC₅₀ = 65.27 ± 1.17 µg/mL). The prepared HAgNPs exhibited significant antibacterial efficacy against some human pathogen bacteria at lower concentrations. Hence, the present study highlights an environmentally benevolent and economical synthetic approach to the preparation of HAgNPs and its potential utility for the production of biomedical products.

In this study, iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) were synthesized via a green route using Melastoma malabathricum leaf extract and ferric chloride hexahydrate under ambient conditions. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the crystalline, mixed‐phase structure of the nanoparticles with an average crystallite size of 17.19 nm. UV–Vis spectroscopy revealed absorption peaks at 266 and 374 nm, corresponding to direct and indirect band gaps of 2.12 and 1.26 eV, respectively. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis indicated Fe–O stretching vibrations peaks at 451, 538, and 679 cm ⁻¹ , while field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) showed nanoparticle morphology. Energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) analysis confirmed the presence of Fe and O elements. Photocatalytic studies demonstrated methylene blue degradation efficiencies of 64.44% without H ₂ O ₂ and 91.36% with H ₂ O ₂ after 210 min of natural sunlight irradiation. In contrast, antibacterial assays against Staphylococcus aureus , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Escherichia coli , and Shigella sonnei showed no significant inhibitory effect. This study demonstrates a cost‐effective, eco‐friendly synthesis of IONPs and highlights their potential for application in wastewater remediation through photocatalytic oxidation.