Nowadays, boron-containing compounds have gained researchers’ attention because of the wide versatility and applicability of this element in both organic and medicinal chemistry. Since its discovery, its use in medicinal chemistry was neglected because of its possible toxic effects. However, in the past years, boron-containing compounds did not show such effects, and some drugs have already been approved by the Food and Drug Administration to treat diseases, including cancer, infections, and inflammation. Several boroncontaining compounds are used in organic and medicinal chemistry, either as a reagent or therapeutic agent. The chemical properties of this element make its use possible in organic synthesis as a reducing agent and catalyst, mainly in cross-coupling reactions. Among boroncontaining compounds, boranes, azaborines, benzoxaborole, boronic acid, and boron derivatives are most commonly described. This review article discusses the main properties of boron-containing compounds, their preparation by organic synthesis, as well as their applications in organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry fields, developing new perspectives for further investigations.

Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) is an effective treatment for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) which has transformed the highly lethal disease, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), into a chronic and manageable condition. However, better methods need to be developed for enhancing patient access and adherence to therapy and for improving treatment in the long term to reduce adverse effects. From the perspective of drug discovery, one promising strategy is the development of anti-HIV prodrugs. This approach aims to enhance the efficacy and safety of treatment, promoting the development of more appropriate and convenient systems for patients. In this review, we discussed the use of the prodrug approach for HIV antiviral agents and emphasized nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. We comprehensively described various strategies that are used to enhance factors such as water solubility, bioavailability, pharmacokinetic parameters, permeability across biological membranes, chemical stability, drug delivery to specific sites/organs, and tolerability. These strategies might help researchers conduct better studies in this field. We also reported successful examples from the primary therapeutic classes while discussing the advantages and limitations. In this review, we highlighted the key trends in the application of the prodrug approach for treating HIV/AIDS.

Organoboron compounds, especially those containing boronic acid and benzoxaborole in their structure, have been gaining prominence in medicinal chemistry, following the FDA approval of tavaborole for the treatment of onychomycosis and bortezomib for multiple myeloma. The antimicrobial and anticancer effects of organoboron compounds motivate the investigation of the effects of the novel derivatives described here. A total of fourteen new boronic derivatives were synthesized and characterized using analytical methods. The antimicrobial activities were evaluated against M. tuberculosis (Mtb) H37Rv strains and fungal dermatophytes (C. albicans, ATCC 90028; T. rubrum, ATCC 28189; and T. mentagrophytes, ATCC 11481), while the anticancer effect was evaluated against oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cell lines. Several promising boron-containing prototypes were identified, providing a foundation for further molecular optimization in the development of new antimicrobial and anticancer compounds.

The effective treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), also known as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), has transformed a highly lethal disease into a chronic and manageable condition. However, better methods need to be developed for eliminating the virus from reservoirs, enhancing patient access and adherence to therapy, and improving treatment in the long term to reduce adverse effects. From the perspective of drug discovery, one promising strategy is the development of anti-HIV prodrugs. This approach aims to enhance the efficacy and safety of treatment, promoting the development of more appropriate and convenient systems for patients. In this review, we discussed the use of the prodrug approach for HIV antiviral agents and emphasized nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. We comprehensively described various strategies that are used to enhance factors such as water solubility, bioavailability, pharmacokinetic parameters, permeability across biological membranes, chemical stability, drug delivery to specific sites/organs, and tolerability. These strategies might help researchers conduct better studies in this field. We also reported successful examples from the primary therapeutic classes while discussing the advantages and limitations. In this review, we highlighted the key trends in the application of the prodrug approach for treating HIV/AIDS..

The development of new drugs is a long-term and expensive process. Among the strategies to find out new drugs, natural products have an important role in providing new drugs and prototypes. However, physicochemical and pharmacokinetics properties demand chemical optimization for many natural products to improve their safety and efficacy. Molecular modifications (MM) represent a successful approach to optimising such properties. Here, we describe the use of MM to enhance the properties of resveratrol. Thus, we described some strategies to find new resveratrol derivatives useful as sunscreen and treat sickle cell disease. Some examples are described, showing the role of MM in discovering new bioactive compounds.