The fast growth of artificial intelligence technologies, especially language processing technology has obscured the lines in between human-generated text comparing to chatbot-generated message. Recognizing which generated such, a text is essential for applications like information generating and manipulated text in order to guarantee authenticity between communicated parties. This research applies to a set of machine learning models to identify text as either human-written or chatbot-generated. The methodology of this research starts with a dataset including text generated from different Large Language Models (LLMs) along with a text generated by a human. After that, Tf-Idf ranking vectorization was used to define word embedding has and represent the text numerically. Then, different Machine Learning (ML) models leveraged recognize whether a human or a chatbot generated a text. The ML models applied include Logistic Regression, Random Forest, Decision Tree, Gradient Boosting, Naïve Bayes, and XGBoost. For this study accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score were used to evaluate the system. The dataset first was split into 80% for training and 20% for testing. Out of all implemented models, the Random Forest model reported the best with accuracy of 88%. Logistic Regression reported a close accuracy of 85%. The Random Forest model showed an 8% improvement compared to previous studies that reported an accuracy of 80%. Confusion matrices revealed that the Random Forest model provided high precision and recall, minimizing classification misleading of human or chatbot text. The research focused on studying the ability of ML models in identifying human vs. chatbot-generated text. The results showed the RF model was the best among other models with 88% accuracy. This accuracy shows a possible usage of such models in real-world applications that requires the confidentiality of human writing.

The Internet has turned the entire world into a small village;this is because it has made it possible to share millions of images and videos. However, sending and receiving a huge amount of data is considered to be a main challenge. To address this issue, a new algorithm is required to reduce image bits and represent the data in a compressed form. Nevertheless, image compression is an important application for transferring large files and images. This requires appropriate and efficient transfers in this field to achieve the task and reach the best results. In this work, we propose a new algorithm based on discrete Hermite wavelets transformation (DHWT) that shows the efficiency and quality of the color images. By compressing the color image, this method analyzes it and divides it into approximate coefficients and detail coefficients after adding the wavelets into MATLAB. With Multi-Resolution Analyses (MRA), the appropriate filter is derived, and the mathematical aspects prove to be validated by testing a new filter and performing its operation. After the decomposition of the rows and upon the process of the reconstruction, taking the inverse of the filter and dealing with the columns of the matrix, the original matrix is improved by measuring the parameters of the image to achieve the best quality of the resulting image, such as the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), compression ratio (CR), bits per pixel (BPP), and mean square error (MSE).

American scientific publishing group

American scientific publishing group

As we know the Internet became an important part of our daily life, as the fast increasing spread of the Internet and technologies nowadays is resulting in a more varied and complicated network. Through the network separation between the control plane and the data plane where software-defined networking (SDN) has transformed the network architecture. The systems have become more Intelligence thanks in part to machine learning (ML) and the rest of its branches. Machine learning and SDN have been subjects of several academic publications. This survey compiles research articles published in Springer, Elsevier, IEEE, ACM on the issue of SDN &ML (2018 - 2023). Research is structured according to solutions, evaluation criteria, and evaluation environments so that SDN and ML teams have the greatest opportunity of optimizing the intended non-functional and functional qualities. This review paper will gather the results of the analyses of the researchers to extract environments, assessment criteria, and solutions. This paper will discuss future areas of research and the research deficit.

This work is unique in the use of discrete wavelets that were built from or derived from Chebyshev polynomials of the second and third kind, filter the Discrete Second Chebyshev Wavelets Transform (DSCWT), and derive two effective filters. The Filter Discrete Third Chebyshev Wavelets Transform (FDTCWT) is used in the process of analyzing color images and removing noise and impurities that accompany the image, as well as because of the large amount of data that makes up the image as it is taken. These data are massive, making it difficult to deal with each other during transmission. However to address this issue, the image compression technique is used, with the image not losing information due to the readings that were obtained, and the results were satisfactory. Mean Square Error (MSE), Peak Signal Noise Ratio (PSNR), Bit Per Pixel (BPP), and Compression Ratio (CR) Coronavirus is the initial treatment, while the processing stage is done with network training for Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) with Discrete Second Chebeshev Wavelets Convolutional Neural Network (DSCWCNN) and Discrete Third Chebeshev Wavelets Convolutional Neural Network (DTCWCNN) to create an efficient algorithm for face recognition, and the best results were achieved in accuracy and in the least amount of time. Two samples of color images that were made or implemented were used. The proposed theory was obtained with fast and good results; the results are evident shown in the tables below.