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Distinction between active and legacy sources of nutrients is needed for effective reduction of waterborne nutrient loads and associated eutrophication. This study quantifies main typological differences in nutrient load behavior versus water discharge for active and legacy sources. This quantitative typology is used for source attribution based on monitoring data for water discharge and concentrations of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorous (TP) from 37 catchments draining into the Baltic Sea along the coastline of Sweden over the period 2003-2013. Results indicate dominant legacy source contributions to the monitored loads of TN and TP in most (33 of the total 37) study catchments. Dominant active sources are indicated in 1 catchment for TN, and mixed sources are indicated in 3 catchments for TN, and 4 catchments for TP. The TN and TP concentration contributions are quantified to be overall higher from the legacy than the active sources. Legacy concentrations also correlate well with key indicators of human activity in the catchments, agricultural land share for TN (R2=0.65) and population density for TP (R2=0.56). Legacy-dominated nutrient concentrations also change more slowly than in catchments with dominant active or mixed sources. Various data-based results and indications converge in indicating legacy source contributions as largely dominant, mainly anthropogenic, and with near-zero average change trends in the present study of catchments draining into the Baltic Sea along the coastline of Sweden, as in other parts of the world. These convergent indications emphasize needs to identify and map the different types of sources in each catchment, and differentiate strategies and measures to target each source type for possible achievement of shorter- and longer-term goals of water quality improvement.
Yuanying Chen; Georgia Destouni; Romain Goldenberg; Carmen Prieto. Nutrient source attribution: Quantitative typology distinction of active and legacy source contributions to waterborne loads. Hydrological Processes 2021, 35, e14284 .
AMA StyleYuanying Chen, Georgia Destouni, Romain Goldenberg, Carmen Prieto. Nutrient source attribution: Quantitative typology distinction of active and legacy source contributions to waterborne loads. Hydrological Processes. 2021; 35 (7):e14284.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYuanying Chen; Georgia Destouni; Romain Goldenberg; Carmen Prieto. 2021. "Nutrient source attribution: Quantitative typology distinction of active and legacy source contributions to waterborne loads." Hydrological Processes 35, no. 7: e14284.
Hydrochemical constituents in streams may originate from currently active sources at the surface and/or legacy sources from earlier surface inputs, waste deposits and land contamination. Distinction and quantification of these source contributions are needed for improved interpretation of tracer data and effective reduction of waterborne environmental pollutants. This paper develops a methodology that recognizes and quantifies some general mechanistic differences in stream concentration and load behavior versus discharge between such source contributions. The methodology is applied to comparative analysis of stream concentration data for chloride (Cl−), copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn), and corresponding data for water discharge, measured over the period 1990–2018 in multiple hydrological catchments (19 for Cl−, 11 for Cu and Zn, 10 for Pb) around the major Lake Mälaren in Sweden. For Cl−, the average load fraction of active sources is quantified to be 19%, and the average active and legacy concentration contributions as 2.9 and 11 mg/L, respectively. For the metals, the average active load fractions at outlets are 1–3% over all catchments and 9–14% in the relatively few catchments with mixed metal sources. Average active and legacy concentration contributions are 0.14 and 3.2 μg/L for Cu, 0.05 and 1.5 μg/L for Pb, and 1.4 and 12 μg/L for Zn, respectively. This multi-catchment analysis thus indicates a widespread prevalence of legacy sources, with greater legacy than active concentration contributions for both Cl− and the metals, and active contributions playing a greater role for chloride than for the metals. The relatively simple first-order methodology developed and applied in the study can be used to screen commonly available stream monitoring data for possible distinction of active and legacy contributions of any hydrochemical constituent in and across various hydrological catchment settings.
Georgia Destouni; Jacopo Cantoni; Zahra Kalantari. Distinguishing active and legacy source contributions to stream water quality: Comparative quantification for chloride and metals. Hydrological Processes 2021, 35, e14280 .
AMA StyleGeorgia Destouni, Jacopo Cantoni, Zahra Kalantari. Distinguishing active and legacy source contributions to stream water quality: Comparative quantification for chloride and metals. Hydrological Processes. 2021; 35 (7):e14280.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGeorgia Destouni; Jacopo Cantoni; Zahra Kalantari. 2021. "Distinguishing active and legacy source contributions to stream water quality: Comparative quantification for chloride and metals." Hydrological Processes 35, no. 7: e14280.
Wetlands provide multiple ecosystem services of local and global importance, but currently there exists no comprehensive, high‐quality wetland map for the Arctic region. Improved information about Arctic wetland extents and their vulnerability to climate change is essential for adaptation and mitigation efforts, including for indigenous people dependent on the ecosystem services that wetlands provide, as inadequate planning could result in dire consequences for societies and ecosystems alike. Synthesizing high‐resolution wetland databases and datasets on soil wetness and soil types from multiple sources, we created the first high‐resolution map with full coverage of Arctic wetlands. We assess the vulnerability of Arctic wetlands for the years 2050, 2075, and 2100, using datasets on permafrost extent, soil types, and projected mean annual air temperature from the HadGEM2‐ES climate model for three change scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5). Our mapping shows that wetlands cover approximately 3.5 million km2 or roughly 25% of Arctic landmass and 99% of these wetlands are in permafrost areas, indicating considerable vulnerability to future climate change. Unless global warming is limited to scenario RCP2.6, robust results show that large areas of Arctic wetlands are vulnerable to ecosystem regime shifts. If scenario RCP8.5 becomes a reality, at least 50% of the Arctic wetland area would be highly vulnerable to regime shifts with considerable adverse impacts on human health, infrastructure, economics, ecosystems, and biodiversity. The developed wetland and vulnerability maps can aid planning and prioritization of the most vulnerable areas for protection and mitigation of change.
Elisie Kåresdotter; Georgia Destouni; Navid Ghajarnia; Gustaf Hugelius; Zahra Kalantari. Mapping the Vulnerability of Arctic Wetlands to Global Warming. Earth's Future 2021, 9, 1 .
AMA StyleElisie Kåresdotter, Georgia Destouni, Navid Ghajarnia, Gustaf Hugelius, Zahra Kalantari. Mapping the Vulnerability of Arctic Wetlands to Global Warming. Earth's Future. 2021; 9 (5):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElisie Kåresdotter; Georgia Destouni; Navid Ghajarnia; Gustaf Hugelius; Zahra Kalantari. 2021. "Mapping the Vulnerability of Arctic Wetlands to Global Warming." Earth's Future 9, no. 5: 1.
Warming and hydrological changes have already affected and shifted environments in the Arctic. Arctic wetlands are complex systems of coupled hydrological, ecological, and permafrost‐related processes, vulnerable to such environmental changes. This review uses a systems perspective approach to synthesize and elucidate the various interlinked responses and feedbacks of Arctic wetlands to hydroclimatic changes. Starting from increased air temperatures, subsequent permafrost thaw and concurrent hydrological changes are identified as key factors for both shrinkage and expansion of wetland area. Other diverse factors further interact with warming, hydrological changes, and permafrost thaw in altering the Arctic wetland systems. Surface albedo shifts driven by land cover alterations are powerful in reinforcing Arctic warming, while vegetation‐related factors can balance and decelerate permafrost thaw, causing negative feedback loops. With the vast amounts of carbon stored in Arctic wetlands, their changes in turn affect the global carbon cycle. Overall, the systems perspectives outlined and highlighted in this review can be useful in structuring and elucidating the interactions of wetlands with climate, hydrological, and other environmental changes in the Arctic, including the essential permafrost‐carbon feedback. This article is categorized under: Conservation, Management, and Awareness
Hanna N. Kreplin; Carla Sofia Santos Ferreira; Georgia Destouni; Saskia D. Keesstra; Luca Salvati; Zahra Kalantari. Arctic wetland system dynamics under climate warming. WIREs Water 2021, e21526 .
AMA StyleHanna N. Kreplin, Carla Sofia Santos Ferreira, Georgia Destouni, Saskia D. Keesstra, Luca Salvati, Zahra Kalantari. Arctic wetland system dynamics under climate warming. WIREs Water. 2021; ():e21526.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHanna N. Kreplin; Carla Sofia Santos Ferreira; Georgia Destouni; Saskia D. Keesstra; Luca Salvati; Zahra Kalantari. 2021. "Arctic wetland system dynamics under climate warming." WIREs Water , no. : e21526.
Cities are vital for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), but different local strategies to advance on the same SDG may cause different ‘spillovers’ elsewhere. Research efforts that support governance of such spillovers are urgently needed to empower ambitious cities to ‘account globally’ when acting locally on SDG implementation strategies.
Rebecka Ericsdotter Engström; David Collste; Sarah E. Cornell; Francis X. Johnson; Henrik Carlsen; Fernando Jaramillo; Göran Finnveden; Georgia Destouni; Mark Howells; Nina Weitz; Viveka Palm; Francesco Fuso-Nerini. Succeeding at home and abroad: accounting for the international spillovers of cities’ SDG actions. npj Urban Sustainability 2021, 1, 1 -5.
AMA StyleRebecka Ericsdotter Engström, David Collste, Sarah E. Cornell, Francis X. Johnson, Henrik Carlsen, Fernando Jaramillo, Göran Finnveden, Georgia Destouni, Mark Howells, Nina Weitz, Viveka Palm, Francesco Fuso-Nerini. Succeeding at home and abroad: accounting for the international spillovers of cities’ SDG actions. npj Urban Sustainability. 2021; 1 (1):1-5.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRebecka Ericsdotter Engström; David Collste; Sarah E. Cornell; Francis X. Johnson; Henrik Carlsen; Fernando Jaramillo; Göran Finnveden; Georgia Destouni; Mark Howells; Nina Weitz; Viveka Palm; Francesco Fuso-Nerini. 2021. "Succeeding at home and abroad: accounting for the international spillovers of cities’ SDG actions." npj Urban Sustainability 1, no. 1: 1-5.
Understanding interactions between complex human and natural systems involved in urban carbon cycling is important when balancing the dual goals of urban development to accommodate a growing population, while also achieving urban carbon neutrality. This study develops a systems breakdown accounting method to assess the urban carbon cycle. The method facilitates greater understanding of the complex interactions within and between systems involved in this cycle, in order to identify ways in which humans can adapt their interactions to reduce net greenhouse gas emissions from urban regions. Testing the systems breakdown accounting method in Stockholm County, Sweden, we find that it provides new insights into the carbon interactions with urban green-blue areas in the region. Results show how Stockholm County can reduce its emissions and achieve its goal of local carbon net-neutrality, if the green areas protect its carbon sequestration potential and maintain it to offset projected remaining active emissions. Results also show that the inland surface waters and inner archipelago waters within Stockholm County are a considerable source of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. A better understanding of these water emissions is necessary to formulate effective planning and policy measures that can reduce urban emissions. The insights gained from this study can also be applied in other regions. In particular, water bodies could play a significant role in the urban carbon cycle and using this knowledge for more complete carbon accounting, and a better understanding of green-blue interactions could help to reduce net urban emissions in many places.
Jessica Page; Elisie Kåresdotter; Georgia Destouni; Haozhi Pan; Zahra Kalantari. A more complete accounting of greenhouse gas emissions and sequestration in urban landscapes. Anthropocene 2021, 34, 100296 .
AMA StyleJessica Page, Elisie Kåresdotter, Georgia Destouni, Haozhi Pan, Zahra Kalantari. A more complete accounting of greenhouse gas emissions and sequestration in urban landscapes. Anthropocene. 2021; 34 ():100296.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJessica Page; Elisie Kåresdotter; Georgia Destouni; Haozhi Pan; Zahra Kalantari. 2021. "A more complete accounting of greenhouse gas emissions and sequestration in urban landscapes." Anthropocene 34, no. : 100296.
The editors thank the 2020 peer reviewers
Georgia Destouni; Jean Bahr; Marc F. P. Bierkens; Martyn Clark; Jim Hall; Shafiqul Islam; Stefan Kollet; Charles H. Luce; Jessica Lundquist; D. Scott Mackay; Ilja van Meerveld; Xavier Sanchez‐Vila; Peter A. Troch; Ellen Wohl. Thank You to Our 2020 Reviewers. Water Resources Research 2021, 57, 1 .
AMA StyleGeorgia Destouni, Jean Bahr, Marc F. P. Bierkens, Martyn Clark, Jim Hall, Shafiqul Islam, Stefan Kollet, Charles H. Luce, Jessica Lundquist, D. Scott Mackay, Ilja van Meerveld, Xavier Sanchez‐Vila, Peter A. Troch, Ellen Wohl. Thank You to Our 2020 Reviewers. Water Resources Research. 2021; 57 (3):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGeorgia Destouni; Jean Bahr; Marc F. P. Bierkens; Martyn Clark; Jim Hall; Shafiqul Islam; Stefan Kollet; Charles H. Luce; Jessica Lundquist; D. Scott Mackay; Ilja van Meerveld; Xavier Sanchez‐Vila; Peter A. Troch; Ellen Wohl. 2021. "Thank You to Our 2020 Reviewers." Water Resources Research 57, no. 3: 1.
Coastal eutrophication is a major environmental issue worldwide. In the Baltic Sea, eutrophication affects both the coastal waters and the open sea. Various policy frameworks aim to hinder its progress but eutrophication-relevant water quality variables, such as chlorophyll-a concentrations, still exhibit opposite temporal trends in various Baltic Sea marine and coastal waters. In this study, we investigate the temporal-trend linkages of measured water quality variables and their various anthropogenic, climatic and hydrospheric drivers over the period 1990–2020 with focus on the Swedish coastal waters and related marine basins in the Baltic Sea. We find that it is necessary to distinguish more and less isolated coastal waters, based on their water exchanges with the open sea, to capture different coastal eutrophication dynamics. In less isolated coastal waters, eutrophication is primarily related to nitrogen concentrations, while it is more related to phosphorus concentrations in more isolated coastal waters. In the open sea, trends in eutrophication conditions correlate best with trends in climatic and hydrospheric drivers, like wind speed and water salinity, respectively. In the coastal waters, driver signals are more mixed, with considerable influences from anthropogenic land-based nutrient loads and sea-ice cover duration. Summer chlorophyll-a concentration in the open sea stands out as a main change driver of summer chlorophyll-a concentration in less isolated coastal waters. Overall, coastal waters are a melting pot of driver influences over various scales, from local land-based drivers to large-scale total catchment and open sea conditions. The latter in turn depend on long-term integration of pathway-dependent influences from the various coastal parts of the Baltic Sea and their land-based nutrient load drivers, combined with overarching climate conditions and internal feedback loops. As such, our results challenge any unidirectional local source-to-sea paradigm and emphasize a need for concerted local land-catchment and whole-sea measures for robust coastal eutrophication management.
Guillaume Vigouroux; Elina Kari; José M. Beltrán-Abaunza; Petteri Uotila; Dekui Yuan; Georgia Destouni. Trend correlations for coastal eutrophication and its main local and whole-sea drivers – Application to the Baltic Sea. Science of The Total Environment 2021, 779, 146367 .
AMA StyleGuillaume Vigouroux, Elina Kari, José M. Beltrán-Abaunza, Petteri Uotila, Dekui Yuan, Georgia Destouni. Trend correlations for coastal eutrophication and its main local and whole-sea drivers – Application to the Baltic Sea. Science of The Total Environment. 2021; 779 ():146367.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuillaume Vigouroux; Elina Kari; José M. Beltrán-Abaunza; Petteri Uotila; Dekui Yuan; Georgia Destouni. 2021. "Trend correlations for coastal eutrophication and its main local and whole-sea drivers – Application to the Baltic Sea." Science of The Total Environment 779, no. : 146367.
Find out about the person taking the helm of Water Resources Research and her vision for the coming years.
Georgia Destouni. Introducing the New Editor in Chief of Water Resources Research. Eos 2021, 106, 1 .
AMA StyleGeorgia Destouni. Introducing the New Editor in Chief of Water Resources Research. Eos. 2021; 106 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGeorgia Destouni. 2021. "Introducing the New Editor in Chief of Water Resources Research." Eos 106, no. : 1.
Soil supports life on Earth and provides several goods and services of essence for human wellbeing. Over the last century, however, intensified human activities and unsustainable management practices, along with ongoing climate change, have been degrading soils’ natural capital, pushing it towards possible critical limits for its ability to provide essential ecosystem services. Soil degradation is characterized by negative changes in soil health status that may lead to partial or total loss of productivity and overall capacity to support human societies, e.g., against increasing climate risks. Such degradation leads to environmental, social and economic losses, which may in turn trigger land abandonment and desertification. In particular, the Mediterranean region has been identified as one of the most vulnerable and severely affected European regions by soil degradation, where the actual extent and context of the problem is not yet well understood. This study provides an overview of current knowledge about the status of soil degradation and its main drivers and processes in the European Mediterranean region, based on comprehensive literature review. In the Mediterranean region, 34% of the land area is subject to ‘very high sensitivity’ or ‘high sensitivity’ to desertification, and risk of desertification applies to over more than 65% of the territory of some countries, such as Spain and Cyprus (IPCC, 2019). The major degradation processes are: (i) soil erosion, due to very high erosion rates (>2 t/ha); (ii) loss of soil organic matter, due to high mineralization rates while the region is already characterized by low or very low soil organic matter (<2%); and (iii) soil and water salinisation, due to groundwater abstraction and sea water intrusion. However, additional physical, chemical and biological degradation processes, such as soil sealing and compaction, contamination, and loss of biodiversity, are also of great concern. Some of the degradation processes, such as soil erosion, have been extensively investigated and their spatial extent is relatively well described. Other processes, however, such as soil biodiversity, are poorly investigated and have limited data availability. In general, a lack of systematic inventories of soil degradation status limits the overall knowledge base and impairs understanding of the spatial and temporal dimensions of the problem. In terms of drivers, Mediterranean soil degradation has mainly been driven by increasing population, particularly in coastal areas, and its concentration in urban areas (and consequent abandonment of rural areas), as well as by land-use changes and intensification of socio-economic activities (e.g. agriculture and tourism). Additionally, climate change, with increasing extent and severity of extreme events (droughts, floods, wildfires), may also be a key degradation driver in this region. Improved information on soil degradation status (including spatio-temporal extent and severity) and enhanced knowledge of degradation drivers, processes and socio-economic, ecological, and biodiversity impacts are needed to better support regional soil management, policy, and decision making. Science and evidence based improvements of soil resource governance and management can enhance soil resilience to regional and global changes, and support the region to achieve related Sustainable Development Goals and the Land Degradation Neutrality targets.
Carla S. S. Ferreira; Samaneh Seifollahi-Aghmiuni; Georgia Destouni; Marijana Solomun; Navid Ghajarnia; António Ferreira; Zahra Kalantari. Status, processes, and drivers of soil degradation in the Mediterranean region. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleCarla S. S. Ferreira, Samaneh Seifollahi-Aghmiuni, Georgia Destouni, Marijana Solomun, Navid Ghajarnia, António Ferreira, Zahra Kalantari. Status, processes, and drivers of soil degradation in the Mediterranean region. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarla S. S. Ferreira; Samaneh Seifollahi-Aghmiuni; Georgia Destouni; Marijana Solomun; Navid Ghajarnia; António Ferreira; Zahra Kalantari. 2021. "Status, processes, and drivers of soil degradation in the Mediterranean region." , no. : 1.
This paper addresses how large-scale terrestrial water cycling is represented in the land surface schemes of Earth System Models (ESMs). Good representation is essential, for example in regional planning for climate change adaptation and in preparation for hydro-climatic extremes that have recently set records world-wide in devastating consequences for societies and deaths of thousands of people. ESMs provide simulations and projections for the climate system and its interactions with the terrestrial hydrological cycle, and are widely used to study and prepare for associated impacts of climate change. However, the reliability of ESMs is unclear with regard to their representation of large-scale terrestrial hydrology and its changes and interactions between its key variables. Despite being crucial for model realism, analysis of co-variations among terrestrial hydrology variables is still largely missing in ESM performance evaluations. To bridge this research gap, we have studied and identified large-scale co-variation patterns between soil moisture (SM) and the main freshwater fluxes of runoff (R), precipitation (P), and evapotranspiration (ET) from observational data and across 6405 hydrological catchments in different parts and climates of the world. Furthermore, we have compared the identified observation-based relationships with those emerging from ESMs and reanalysis products. Our results show that the most strongly correlated freshwater variables based on observational data are also the most misrepresented hydrological patterns in ESMs and reanalysis simulations. In particular, we find SM and R to have the generally strongest large-scale correlations according to the observation-based data, across the numerous studied catchments with widely different hydroclimatic characteristics. Compared to the SM-R correlation signals, the observation-based correlations are overall weaker for the commonly expected closer dependencies of: R on P; ET on P; SM on P; and ET on SM. Nevertheless, this strongest SM-R correlation and the P-R correlation are the most misrepresented hydrological patterns in reanalysis products and ESMs. Our results also show that ESM outputs can perform relatively well in simulating individual hydrological variables, while exhibiting essential inconsistencies in simulated co-variations between variables. Such investigations of large-scale terrestrial hydrology representation by ESMs can enhance our understanding of fundamental ESM biases and uncertainties while providing important insights for systematic ESM improvement with regard to the large-scale hydrological cycling over the world’s continents and regional land areas.
Navid Ghajarnia; Zahra Kalantari; Georgia Destouni. Is large-scale terrestrial hydrological cycling well represented in Earth System Models? 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleNavid Ghajarnia, Zahra Kalantari, Georgia Destouni. Is large-scale terrestrial hydrological cycling well represented in Earth System Models? . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNavid Ghajarnia; Zahra Kalantari; Georgia Destouni. 2021. "Is large-scale terrestrial hydrological cycling well represented in Earth System Models?" , no. : 1.
Current understanding is fragmented of the environmental, economic, and social processes involved in water quality issues. The fragmentation is particularly evident for coastal water quality, impacted both by local land catchment and larger-scale marine pressures and impacts. Research and policy so far has primarily addressed coastal water quality issues from either a land-based or a sea-based perspective, which does not support integrated management of the coupled land-coast-sea systems affecting coastal waters. For example, mitigation measures for improving the severe Baltic Sea eutrophication have mostly focused on land-based drivers, and not yet managed to sufficiently improve coastal or marine water quality. The strong human dimension involved in these water quality issues also highlights a need for participatory approaches to facilitate knowledge integration and drive synergistic strategic planning for sustainable management of coastal water quality. Considering the Swedish water management district of Northern Baltic Proper, including its main Norrström drainage basin and surrounding coastal catchment areas and waters, this study has used a participatory approach to evaluate various land-sea water quality interactions and associated management measures. A causal loop diagram has been co-created with different stakeholder groups, following a problem-oriented system thinking approach. This has been further used in fuzzy-cognitive scenario analysis to assess integrated land-coast-sea system behavior under changing human pressures and hydro-climatic conditions. Results show that synergy of several catchment measures is needed to improve coastal water quality locally, while cross-system/sector cooperation is also needed among all contributing national catchments to mitigate coastal eutrophication at the scale of the whole Baltic Sea. Furthermore, large-scale hydro-climatic changes and long-lived nutrient legacy sources also need to be accounted for in water quality management strategies and measures. System dynamics modelling, based on co-created causal loop diagrams and fuzzy-cognitive scenario analysis like those developed in this study, can support further quantification and analysis of the impacts of various mitigation strategies and measures on regional water quality problems and their possible sustainable solutions.
Samaneh Seifollahi-Aghmiuni; Zahra Kalantari; Georgia Destouni. Use of co-created causal loop diagrams and fuzzy-cognitive scenario analysis for water quality management. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleSamaneh Seifollahi-Aghmiuni, Zahra Kalantari, Georgia Destouni. Use of co-created causal loop diagrams and fuzzy-cognitive scenario analysis for water quality management. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSamaneh Seifollahi-Aghmiuni; Zahra Kalantari; Georgia Destouni. 2021. "Use of co-created causal loop diagrams and fuzzy-cognitive scenario analysis for water quality management." , no. : 1.
The semi-arid Sahel is a global hotspot for poverty and malnutrition. Rainfed agriculture is the main source of food and income, making the well-being of rural population highly sensitive to rainfall variability. Studies have reported an upward trend in annual precipitation in the Sahel since the drought of the 1970s and early '80s, yet farmers have questioned improvements in conditions for agriculture, suggesting that intraseasonal dynamics play a crucial role. Using high-resolution daily precipitation data spanning 1981–2017 and focusing on agriculturally-relevant areas of the Sahel, we re-examined the extent of rainfall increase and investigated whether the increases have been accompanied by changes in two aspects of intraseasonal variability that have relevance for agriculture: rainy season duration and occurrence of prolonged dry spells during vulnerable crop growth stages. We found that annual rainfall increased across 56% of the region, but remained largely the same elsewhere. Rainy season duration increased almost exclusively in areas with upward trends in annual precipitation (23% of them). Association between annual rain and dry spell occurrence was less clear: increasing and decreasing frequencies of false starts (dry spells after first rains) and post-floral dry spells (towards the end of the season) were found to almost equal extent both in areas with positive and those with no significant trend in annual precipitation. Overall, improvements in at least two of the three intraseasonal variables (and no declines in any) were found in 10% of the region, while over a half of the area experienced declines in at least one intraseasonal variable, or no improvement in any. We conclude that rainfall conditions for agriculture have improved overall only in scattered areas across the Sahel since the 1980s, and increased annual rainfall is only weakly, if at all, associated with changes in the agriculturally-relevant intraseasonal rainfall characteristics.
Miina Porkka; Lan Wang-Erlandsson; Georgia Destouni; Annica M L Ekman; Johan Rockström; Line J Gordon. Is wetter better? Exploring agriculturally-relevant rainfall characteristics over four decades in the Sahel. Environmental Research Letters 2021, 16, 035002 .
AMA StyleMiina Porkka, Lan Wang-Erlandsson, Georgia Destouni, Annica M L Ekman, Johan Rockström, Line J Gordon. Is wetter better? Exploring agriculturally-relevant rainfall characteristics over four decades in the Sahel. Environmental Research Letters. 2021; 16 (3):035002.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMiina Porkka; Lan Wang-Erlandsson; Georgia Destouni; Annica M L Ekman; Johan Rockström; Line J Gordon. 2021. "Is wetter better? Exploring agriculturally-relevant rainfall characteristics over four decades in the Sahel." Environmental Research Letters 16, no. 3: 035002.
Changes in subsurface water resources might alter the surrounding ground by generating subsidence or uplift, depending on geological and hydrogeological site characteristics. Improved understanding of the relationships between surface water storage and ground deformation is important for design and maintenance of hydraulic facilities and ground stability. Here, we construct one of the longest series of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) to date, over twenty-five years, to study the relationships between water level changes and ground surface deformation in the surroundings of Lake Mead, United States, and at the site of the Hoover Dam. We use the Small Baseline Subset (SBAS) and Permanent scatterer interferometry (PSI) techniques over 177 SAR data, encompassing different SAR sensors including ERS1/2, Envisat, ALOS (PALSAR), and Sentinel-1(S1). We perform a cross-sensor examination of the relationship between water level changes and ground displacement. We found a negative relationship between water level change and ground deformation around the reservoir that was consistent across all sensors. The negative relationship was evident from the long-term changes in water level and deformation occurring from 1995 to 2014, and also from the intra-annual oscillations of the later period, 2014 to 2019, both around the reservoir and at the dam. These results suggest an elastic response of the ground surface to changes in water storage in the reservoir, both at the dam site and around the reservoir. Our study illustrates how InSAR-derived ground deformations can be consistent in time across sensors, showing the potential of detecting longer time-series of ground deformation.
Mehdi Darvishi; Georgia Destouni; Saeid Aminjafari; Fernando Jaramillo. Multi-Sensor InSAR Assessment of Ground Deformations around Lake Mead and Its Relation to Water Level Changes. Remote Sensing 2021, 13, 406 .
AMA StyleMehdi Darvishi, Georgia Destouni, Saeid Aminjafari, Fernando Jaramillo. Multi-Sensor InSAR Assessment of Ground Deformations around Lake Mead and Its Relation to Water Level Changes. Remote Sensing. 2021; 13 (3):406.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMehdi Darvishi; Georgia Destouni; Saeid Aminjafari; Fernando Jaramillo. 2021. "Multi-Sensor InSAR Assessment of Ground Deformations around Lake Mead and Its Relation to Water Level Changes." Remote Sensing 13, no. 3: 406.
Large-scale co-variations of freshwater fluxes and storages on land can critically regulate green (vegetation) and blue (hydrosphere) water balances, land-atmosphere interactions, and hydroclimatic hazards. Such essential co-variation patterns still remain largely unknown over large scales and in different climates around the world. To contribute to bridging this large-scale knowledge gap, we synthesize and decipher different data time series over the period 1980-2010 for 6405 hydrological catchments around the world. From observation-based data, we identify dominant large-scale co-variation patterns between main freshwater fluxes and soil moisture (SM) for different world parts and climates. These co-variation patterns are also compared with those obtained from reanalysis products and Earth System Models (ESMs). The observation-based datasets robustly show the strongest large-scale hydrological co-variation relationship to be that between SM and runoff (R), consistently across the study catchments and their different climate characteristics. The predominantly strongest large-scale SM-R co-variation relationship, however, is also the most misrepresented by ESMs and reanalysis products, followed by that between precipitation and R. Comparison between corresponding observation-based and ESM results also shows that an ESM may perform well for individual hydrological variables, but still fail in representing the patterns of large-scale co-variations between variables.
Navid Ghajarnia; Zahra Kalantari; Georgia Destouni. Data-driven worldwide quantification of large-scale hydroclimatic co-variation patterns and comparison with reanalysis and Earth System modeling. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleNavid Ghajarnia, Zahra Kalantari, Georgia Destouni. Data-driven worldwide quantification of large-scale hydroclimatic co-variation patterns and comparison with reanalysis and Earth System modeling. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNavid Ghajarnia; Zahra Kalantari; Georgia Destouni. 2020. "Data-driven worldwide quantification of large-scale hydroclimatic co-variation patterns and comparison with reanalysis and Earth System modeling." , no. : 1.
Urbanization alters natural hydrological processes and enhances runoff, which affects flood hazard. Interest in nature-based solutions (NBS) for sustainable mitigation and adaptation to urban floods is growing, but the magnitudes of NBS effects are still poorly investigated. This study explores the potential of NBS for flood hazard mitigation in a small peri-urban catchment in central Portugal, prone to flash floods driven by urbanization and short but intense rainfall events typical of the Mediterranean region. Flood extent and flood depth are assessed by manually coupling the hydrologic HEC-HMS and hydraulic HEC-RAS models. The coupled model was run for single rainfall events with recurrence periods of 10−, 20−, 50−, and 100−years, considering four simulation scenarios: current conditions (without NBS), and with an upslope NBS, a downslope NBS, and a combination of both. The model-simulation approach provides good estimates of flood magnitude (NSE = 0.91, RMSE = 0.08, MAE = 0.07, R2 = 0.93), and shows that diverting streamflow into abandoned fields has positive impacts in mitigating downslope flood hazard. The implementation of an upslope NBS can decrease the water depth at the catchment outlet by 0.02 m, whereas a downslope NBS can reduce it from 0.10 m to 0.23 m for increasing return periods. Combined upslope and downslope NBS have a marginal additional impact in reducing water depth, ranging from 0.11 m to 0.24 m for 10− and 100−year floods. Decreases in water depth provided by NBS are useful in flood mitigation and adaptation within the peri-urban catchment. A network of NBS, rather than small isolated strategies, needs to be created for efficient flood-risk management at a larger scale.
Carla S. S. Ferreira; Sandra Mourato; Milica Kasanin-Grubin; António J. D. Ferreira; Georgia Destouni; Zahra Kalantari. Effectiveness of Nature-Based Solutions in Mitigating Flood Hazard in a Mediterranean Peri-Urban Catchment. Water 2020, 12, 2893 .
AMA StyleCarla S. S. Ferreira, Sandra Mourato, Milica Kasanin-Grubin, António J. D. Ferreira, Georgia Destouni, Zahra Kalantari. Effectiveness of Nature-Based Solutions in Mitigating Flood Hazard in a Mediterranean Peri-Urban Catchment. Water. 2020; 12 (10):2893.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarla S. S. Ferreira; Sandra Mourato; Milica Kasanin-Grubin; António J. D. Ferreira; Georgia Destouni; Zahra Kalantari. 2020. "Effectiveness of Nature-Based Solutions in Mitigating Flood Hazard in a Mediterranean Peri-Urban Catchment." Water 12, no. 10: 2893.
Hydroclimatic change may affect the range of some infectious diseases, including tularemia. Previous studies have investigated associations between tularemia incidence and climate variables, with some also establishing quantitative statistical disease models based on historical data, but studies considering future climate projections are scarce. This study has used and combined hydro-climatic projection outputs from multiple global climate models (GCMs) in phase six of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6), and site-specific, parameterized statistical tularemia models, which all imply some type of power-law scaling with preceding-year tularemia cases, to assess possible future trends in disease outbreaks for six counties across Sweden, known to include tularemia high-risk areas. Three radiative forcing (emissions) scenarios are considered for climate change projection until year 2100, incuding low (2.6 Wm−2), medium (4.5 Wm−2), and high (8.5 Wm−2) forcing. The results show highly divergent changes in future disease outbreaks among Swedish counties, depending primarily on site-specific type of the best-fit disease power-law scaling characteristics of (mostly positive, in one case negative) sub- or super-linearity. Results also show that scenarios of steeper future climate warming do not necessarily lead to steeper increase of future disease outbreaks. Along a latitudinal gradient, the likely most realistic medium climate forcing scenario indicates future disease decreases (intermittent or overall) for the relatively southern Swedish counties Örebro and Gävleborg (Ockelbo), respectively, and disease increases of considerable or high degree for the intermediate (Dalarna, Gävleborg (Ljusdal)) and more northern (Jämtland, Norrbotten; along with the more southern Värmland exception) counties, respectively.
Yan Ma; Guillaume Vigouroux; Zahra Kalantari; Romain Goldenberg; Georgia Destouni. Implications of Projected Hydroclimatic Change for Tularemia Outbreaks in High-Risk Areas across Sweden. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 6786 .
AMA StyleYan Ma, Guillaume Vigouroux, Zahra Kalantari, Romain Goldenberg, Georgia Destouni. Implications of Projected Hydroclimatic Change for Tularemia Outbreaks in High-Risk Areas across Sweden. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (18):6786.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYan Ma; Guillaume Vigouroux; Zahra Kalantari; Romain Goldenberg; Georgia Destouni. 2020. "Implications of Projected Hydroclimatic Change for Tularemia Outbreaks in High-Risk Areas across Sweden." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 18: 6786.
Coastal eutrophication is a common problem worldwide, with main drivers including land-based freshwater and nutrient discharges, as well as hydroclimatic and open sea conditions. This study investigates the combined effects of different hydroclimatic and eutrophication management scenarios on coastal water quality and ecological status. As a case study we consider and simulate these scenarios for the Himmerfjärden Bay, situated in the semi-enclosed Baltic Sea. Effects on different eutrophication-relevant variables are assessed for several potential land, coast and/or sea-based management scenarios under different hydroclimatic conditions spanning the range of recent past observations. Our results show that the land and sea-based management scenarios have different effects on each of the studied eutrophication-relevant coastal variable. In general, management strategies need to target both nitrogen and phosphorus reduction for robust coastal effects. We find hydroclimate as a key non-human eutrophication driver, which can substantially counteract management effects. For hydroclimatic conditions close to the recently experienced average, various management measures can improve water quality and ecosystem status in the studied local Baltic coast. Under projected climate change, however, such improvement will require combined land- and sea-based measures.
Guillaume Vigouroux; Yuanying Chen; Anders Jönsson; Vladimir Cvetkovic; Georgia Destouni. Simulation of nutrient management and hydroclimatic effects on coastal water quality and ecological status—The Baltic Himmerfjärden Bay case. Ocean & Coastal Management 2020, 198, 105360 .
AMA StyleGuillaume Vigouroux, Yuanying Chen, Anders Jönsson, Vladimir Cvetkovic, Georgia Destouni. Simulation of nutrient management and hydroclimatic effects on coastal water quality and ecological status—The Baltic Himmerfjärden Bay case. Ocean & Coastal Management. 2020; 198 ():105360.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuillaume Vigouroux; Yuanying Chen; Anders Jönsson; Vladimir Cvetkovic; Georgia Destouni. 2020. "Simulation of nutrient management and hydroclimatic effects on coastal water quality and ecological status—The Baltic Himmerfjärden Bay case." Ocean & Coastal Management 198, no. : 105360.
Soil moisture droughts have comprehensive implications for terrestrial ecosystems. Here we study time-accumulated impacts of the strongest observed droughts on vegetation. The results show that drought duration, the time during which surface soil moisture is below seasonal average, is a key diagnostic variable for predicting drought-integrated changes in (i) gross primary productivity, (ii) evapotranspiration, (iii) vegetation greenness, and (iv) crop yields. Drought-integrated anomalies in these vegetation-related variables scale linearly with drought duration with a slope depending on climate. In arid regions, the slope is steep such that vegetation drought response intensifies with drought duration, whereas in humid regions, it is small such that drought impacts on vegetation are weak even for long droughts. These emergent large-scale linearities are not well captured by state-of-the-art hydrological, land surface, and vegetation models. Overall, the linear relationship of drought duration versus vegetation response and crop yield reductions can serve as a model benchmark and support drought impact interpretation and prediction.
René Orth; Georgia Destouni; Martin Jung; Markus Reichstein. Large-scale biospheric drought response intensifies linearly with drought duration in arid regions. Biogeosciences 2020, 17, 2647 -2656.
AMA StyleRené Orth, Georgia Destouni, Martin Jung, Markus Reichstein. Large-scale biospheric drought response intensifies linearly with drought duration in arid regions. Biogeosciences. 2020; 17 (9):2647-2656.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRené Orth; Georgia Destouni; Martin Jung; Markus Reichstein. 2020. "Large-scale biospheric drought response intensifies linearly with drought duration in arid regions." Biogeosciences 17, no. 9: 2647-2656.
Geography and associated hydrological, hydroclimate and land-use conditions and their changes determine the states and dynamics of wetlands and their ecosystem services. The influences of these controls are not limited to just the local scale of each individual wetland but extend over larger landscape areas that integrate multiple wetlands and their total hydrological catchment – the wetlandscape. However, the data and knowledge of conditions and changes over entire wetlandscapes are still scarce, limiting the capacity to accurately understand and manage critical wetland ecosystems and their services under global change. We present a new Wetlandscape Change Information Database (WetCID), consisting of geographic, hydrological, hydroclimate and land-use information and data for 27 wetlandscapes around the world. This combines survey-based local information with geographic shapefiles and gridded datasets of large-scale hydroclimate and land-use conditions and their changes over whole wetlandscapes. Temporally, WetCID contains 30-year time series of data for mean monthly precipitation and temperature and annual land-use conditions. The survey-based site information includes local knowledge on the wetlands, hydrology, hydroclimate and land uses within each wetlandscape and on the availability and accessibility of associated local data. This novel database (available through PANGAEA https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.907398; Ghajarnia et al., 2019) can support site assessments; cross-regional comparisons; and scenario analyses of the roles and impacts of land use, hydroclimatic and wetland conditions, and changes in whole-wetlandscape functions and ecosystem services.
Navid Ghajarnia; Georgia Destouni; Josefin Thorslund; Zahra Kalantari; Imenne Åhlén; Jesús A. Anaya-Acevedo; Juan F. Blanco-Libreros; Sonia Borja; Sergey Chalov; Aleksandra Chalova; Kwok P. Chun; Nicola Clerici; Amanda Desormeaux; Bethany B. Garfield; Pierre Girard; Olga Gorelits; Amy Hansen; Fernando Jaramillo; Jerker Jarsjö; Adnane Labbaci; John Livsey; Giorgos Maneas; Kathryn McCurley Pisarello; Sebastián Palomino-Ángel; Jan Pietroń; René M. Price; Victor H. Rivera-Monroy; Jorge Salgado; A. Britta K. Sannel; Samaneh Seifollahi-Aghmiuni; Ylva Sjöberg; Pavel Terskii; Guillaume Vigouroux; Lucia Licero-Villanueva; David Zamora. Data for wetlandscapes and their changes around the world. Earth System Science Data 2020, 12, 1083 -1100.
AMA StyleNavid Ghajarnia, Georgia Destouni, Josefin Thorslund, Zahra Kalantari, Imenne Åhlén, Jesús A. Anaya-Acevedo, Juan F. Blanco-Libreros, Sonia Borja, Sergey Chalov, Aleksandra Chalova, Kwok P. Chun, Nicola Clerici, Amanda Desormeaux, Bethany B. Garfield, Pierre Girard, Olga Gorelits, Amy Hansen, Fernando Jaramillo, Jerker Jarsjö, Adnane Labbaci, John Livsey, Giorgos Maneas, Kathryn McCurley Pisarello, Sebastián Palomino-Ángel, Jan Pietroń, René M. Price, Victor H. Rivera-Monroy, Jorge Salgado, A. Britta K. Sannel, Samaneh Seifollahi-Aghmiuni, Ylva Sjöberg, Pavel Terskii, Guillaume Vigouroux, Lucia Licero-Villanueva, David Zamora. Data for wetlandscapes and their changes around the world. Earth System Science Data. 2020; 12 (2):1083-1100.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNavid Ghajarnia; Georgia Destouni; Josefin Thorslund; Zahra Kalantari; Imenne Åhlén; Jesús A. Anaya-Acevedo; Juan F. Blanco-Libreros; Sonia Borja; Sergey Chalov; Aleksandra Chalova; Kwok P. Chun; Nicola Clerici; Amanda Desormeaux; Bethany B. Garfield; Pierre Girard; Olga Gorelits; Amy Hansen; Fernando Jaramillo; Jerker Jarsjö; Adnane Labbaci; John Livsey; Giorgos Maneas; Kathryn McCurley Pisarello; Sebastián Palomino-Ángel; Jan Pietroń; René M. Price; Victor H. Rivera-Monroy; Jorge Salgado; A. Britta K. Sannel; Samaneh Seifollahi-Aghmiuni; Ylva Sjöberg; Pavel Terskii; Guillaume Vigouroux; Lucia Licero-Villanueva; David Zamora. 2020. "Data for wetlandscapes and their changes around the world." Earth System Science Data 12, no. 2: 1083-1100.