The adsorption of remazol brilliant blue R (RBBR) dye on pinang frond based activated carbon (PF-AC) was investigated in a batch process. The effects of initial dye concentration, contact time, solution temperature, and solution pH were evaluated. The adsorption equilibrium and kinetic were found to follow Freundlich isotherm models and pseudo-second-order kinetic model, respectively. The mechanism of the adsorption process was found from the intraparticle diffusion model. Result from adsorption thermodynamic show that interaction for RBBR dye was found to be feasible, nonspontaneous, and endothermic. The results indicated that the PF-AC is very effective for the RBBR adsorption from aqueous solution.

Hydroponics, a soilless cultivation method, relies on precise nutrient management to optimize plant growth. This study provides a systematic scoping review of automated hydroponic nutrient dosing systems, focusing on potential of hydrogen (pH) and electrical conductivity (EC) dosing frameworks. Following preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses extension for systematic scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines, 3222 studies were retrieved and screened, with 89 meeting inclusion criteria for analysis. The review aimed to identify current research trends, dosing frameworks, critical variables, and research gaps. Results reveal a steady rise in publications from 2015 (n = 4) to 2022 (n = 18). Feedback loop frameworks and predictive analytics are equally represented (n = 45 each). Critical variables include pH (n = 70), EC (n = 36), total dissolved solids (TDS) (n = 27), nutrient solution volume (NSV) (n = 42), and nutrient solution temperature (NST) (n = 28). The study highlights the need for robust frameworks incorporating advanced dosing frameworks and simultaneous dosing strategies to enhance dosing speed, accuracy, and robustness. A novel framework is proposed to address these gaps by integrating predictive analytics using multiple regression models. This framework aims to improve the dosing speed, accuracy, and robustness of automated hydroponic nutrient dosing systems. The findings underscore the importance of further research into adaptive frameworks to meet the growing demand for precision hydroponic systems.

Research into the environmental effect of greenhouse emissions is now intense. One of the sources contributing to the effect is boil-off gas (BOG) flaring into the atmosphere. BOG formation is caused by heat leakage from the liquefied natural gas (LNG) storage tank. Heat leakages are determined by the effectiveness of heat thermal transmittance of the structural tank and ambient condition. The objective of this present study is therefore to determine the relationship between heat thermal transmittance and ambient condition, and the boil-off rate for a specific 40,447m3 LNG tank size corresponding to a 160,000m3 LNG ship size. General estimations of the amounts of BOG generated are useful in determining the amount of BOG that will need to flare in order to control the greenhouse effect and the amount of pollution entering the environment. This study analyzes both the steady and unsteady behavior of heat transfer mechanisms using ANSYS Fluent software. Results show that dynamic transient simulation only takes effect on the first five days of a voyage. There is then a linear relationship between the investigated parameters of the boil-off rate of LNG. These linear relations are of the utmost use for LNG tank manufacturer and researchers requiring a preliminary view in order to determine LNG tank specification. The result obtained is also validated by studies by previous researcher.

Construction robot telegrasping operation provides considerable challenges in postdisaster recovery missions. This paper presents an evaluation of construction robot telegrasping force perception, which integrates the use of visual, auditory and force feedback systems. The integration of graphically-presented feedback force is proposed to help operators visually monitor changes in grasping force. Auditory feedback is used simultaneously to provide rapid warnings, while force feedback enhances grasping sense. Sensitivity to each type of feedback is measured by using psychophysical tests, and manipulation tests are conducted to observe effects on the gripping risk index, task completion time and subjective workload. Results validate the need for multimodal sensory feedback, for accurately controlling the grasping process, and for avoiding unnecessary action due to human error.

Activated carbons are regularly used the treatment of dye wastewater. They can be produced from various organics materials having high level of carbon content. In this study, a novel Pinang frond activated carbon (PFAC) was produced at various CO₂ flow rates in the range of 150–600 mL/min at activation temperature of 800°C for 3 hours. The optimum PFAC sample is found on CO₂ flow rate of 300 mL/min which gives the highest BET surface area and pore volume of 958 m²/g and 0.5469 mL/g, respectively. This sample shows well‐developed pore structure with high fixed carbon content of 79.74%. The removal of methylene blue (MB) by 95.8% for initial MB concentration of 50 mg/L and 72.6% for 500 mg/L is achieved via this sample. The PFAC is thus identified to be a suitable adsorbent for removing MB from aqueous solution.