Background: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is nowadays the most aggressive tumor affecting brain in adults with a very poor prognosis due to the limited therapies and the systemic cytotoxicity. Among the different new drugs, recently has been reported the in vitro anti-glioma activity of a new cationic platinum(II) complex bearing 8-aminoquinoline as chelating ligand (Pt-8AQ). The purpose of this research work was to confirm the activity of Pt-8AQ on U87-GM spheroid and to investigate the ability of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) to incorporate and release Pt-8AQ in its active form. The MSCs were primed with Pt-8AQ under optimized conditions and the secretome was analyzed for evaluating the cytotoxic activity of Pt-8AQ and the presence of Extracellular Vesicles (Evs). Results: The principal results showed that Pt-8AQ incorporated by MSCs was released in the secretome and exerted a significant higher anticancer activity with respect to the free drug. The release of Pt-8AQ did not occur in Evs, as demonstrated for other drugs, but it could be delivered bound to some specific carriers able to enhance its bioavailability and efficacy. Some hypotheses are discussed to explain this surprisingly finding out that, however, it needs more investigations. Conclusions: The major conclusions are that cell mediated drug delivery systems could provide a potential approach to facilitate the GBM therapy by intra-tumoral administration of cells loaded with Pt-8AQ, being MSCs able to integrate it into the tumor mass and exert high therapeutic efficacy in situ. The increased efficacy of Pt-8AQ delivered by MSCs even suggests to deeper investigate a possible direct use of MSCs secretome both in situ and/or by systemic administration, being secretome able to pass the blood–brain tumor.

Irisin’s response to Resistance Exercise (RE) remains unclear. We investigated plasma and salivary irisin levels following acute moderate load/high volume (ML/HV) RE and explored correlations with muscle damage markers. Eight healthy, resistance-trained young males (23.3±2.5 yrs) completed one ML/HV RE session (full-body, 30 sets to failure, 70% 1RM). Plasma/saliva irisin, plasma Creatine Kinase (CK), and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for muscle soreness were assessed at baseline, 15 min, 24h, and 48h post-exercise. Plasma irisin increased significantly by ~9% (p=0.01) and salivary irisin by ~4% (p=0.02) at 15 min post-exercise, returning towards baseline by 24h. A strong correlation (rho=0.8, p=0.03) existed between percentage changes in plasma and salivary irisin at 15 min. CK and VAS peaked at 24h (p<0.001; p=0.02 vs 48h, respectively), but showed no significant correlation with irisin changes. Acute ML/HV RE elicits a transient increase in plasma and salivary irisin. Saliva may be a useful non-invasive proxy for irisin changes post-RE. This acute irisin response appears independent of EIMD markers in this population. Findings require confirmation in larger studies.

Photodynamic Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (PACT) has received great attention in recent years since it is an effective and promising modality for the treatment of human oral and skin infections with the advantage of bypassing pathogens’ resistance to antimicrobials. Moreover, PACT applications demonstrated a certain activity in the inhibition and eradication of biofilms, overcoming the well-known tolerance of sessile communities to antimicrobial agents. In this study, 13 diaryl-porphyrins (mono-, di-cationic, and non-ionic) P1–P13 were investigated for their potential as photosensitizer anti-Staphylococcus aureus. The efficacy of the diaryl-porphyrins was evaluated through photo-inactivation tests. Crystal-violet staining combined with viable count techniques were aimed at assaying their anti-biofilm activity. Among the tested compounds, the neutral photosensitizer P4 was better than the cationic ones, irrespective of their corresponding binding rates. In particular, P4 was active in inhibiting the biofilm formation and in impairing the viability of the adherent and planktonic populations of a 24 h old biofilm. The inhibitory activity was also efficient against a methicillin resistant S. aureus strain. In conclusion, the diaryl-porphyrin family represents a reservoir of promising compounds for photodynamic applications against the pathogen S. aureus and in preventing the formation of biofilms that cause many infections to become chronic.

Background: Adiponectin is an adipokine with insulin-sensitizing, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective properties that also plays a key role in metabolic adaptation to exercise. Although its regulation after resistance exercise has been extensively documented, less is known about its short-term modulation and its correlation with muscle damage markers following resistance training. Methods: Nine resistance-trained young men completed two sessions of total-body resistance exercise: (1) high time under tension (TUT) (5-1-2-1 cadence, to failure; ETS1) and (2) moderate TUT (2-1-2-1 cadence, two repetitions in reserve; ETS2). Plasma and saliva samples were collected before exercise and at 15 min, 24 h, and 48 h after exercise to assess total adiponectin by ELISA. Plasma creatine kinase (CK) and a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) were also measured for muscle soreness. Results: Plasma adiponectin significantly decreased from baseline to 48 h post-exercise in both sessions (p < 0.001), with no differences between the TUT conditions. Salivary adiponectin remained unchanged. Although a significant increase in CK and a decrease in adiponectin were observed at the group level, correlation analysis revealed no significant linear relationship between the magnitude of CK elevation and adiponectin reduction. Conclusions: Overall, these findings support the role of adiponectin as a marker of acute metabolic adaptation to resistance exercise. Acute resistance exercise elicited a time-dependent decrease in circulating adiponectin, irrespective of TUT. The temporal pattern of adiponectin decrease coincided with the rise in muscle damage markers, yet the lack of direct correlation suggests distinct regulatory mechanisms, while the lack of salivary changes underscores the complexity of adipokine regulation in vivo and suggests that saliva is not a reliable indicator of changes in circulating adiponectin.

Adiponectin is a hormone secreted by adipose tissue that exerts a pleiotropic effect on many tissues and organs, including skeletal muscles, bones, liver, and brain, regulating energy balance, insulin sensitivity, and inflammation processes (1,2). This adipokine is secreted into circulation in three different oligomeric forms: trimers, hexamers, and high-molecular-weight (HMW) oligomers. The HMW form is the most active in the regulation of body weight and energy balance (3). Adiponectin plays a key role in metabolic adaptation induced by physical exercise (4,5). While its regulation after aerobic exercise has been widely investigated, less is known about its short-term modulation after strength training in healthy subjects. In this study, nine resistance-trained young men have been enrolled to perform two different sessions of total-body resistance exercises. The first training session (ETS1) was characterized by high time under tension TUT (5-1-2-1 cadence, to failure), emphasizing the eccentric phase of the movement, while the second (ETS2) had moderate TUT (2-1-2-1 cadence, two repetitions in reserve), representing a traditional submaximal resistance training protocol. Adiponectin concentration was assessed by ELISA in plasma and saliva samples collected before exercise (baseline), upon 15 minutes, 24 and 48 hours of both training sessions. Muscle soreness, plasma creatine kinase (CK) and a visual analog scale (VAS) were also measured. Plasma adiponectin decreased significantly following both training sessions of approximatively 15-20% upon 24h and reaching 25% of decrease 48 hours post-exercise (P

Micro‐fragmented adipose tissue (MFAT) is regarded as one of the simplest and most practical biological preparations for clinical applications in tissue regenerative medicine. The clinical effectiveness of MFAT is attributed to its content of cells and growth factors that facilitate tissue regeneration. In this study, we investigated the biological activity of the secretome derived from cultured MFAT. Our primary focus was on its ability to influence the production of two inflammatory cytokines, RANTES (Regulated and Normal T Cell Expressed and Secreted) and MCP‐1 (Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein‐1), using ELISA assays, as well as its impact on the expression of Cell Adhesion Molecules (CAMs) on U‐937 macrophages via flow cytometry. We also explored the potential of the MFAT secretome to affect the proliferation of both normal and cancer cells. Our results showed that the MFAT secretome inhibited the production of MCP‐1 and RANTES, significantly reduced the expression of ICAM‐1 (Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1) on U‐937 macrophages, and had no impact on the proliferation of normal or cancer cells. These findings suggest that the MFAT secretome is relatively safe and exhibits anti‐inflammatory properties, supporting the idea that its clinical effectiveness in treating joint inflammation may, in part, be due to its paracrine effects.