Modern mobility faces increasing challenges, like carbon-free transportation and the need for flexible transportation solutions. The U-Shift II project addresses these problems through a modular electric vehicle architecture, a drive unit (Driveboard) and a vehicle body (Capsule). This separation offers high flexibility in different use cases. Current architecture paradigms, like AUTOSAR, face limitations in cost and development speed. To address these issues, this paper introduces a hybrid software architecture that integrates signal-oriented architecture (e.g., CAN bus) with service-oriented architecture for enhanced flexibility. A integral component of the hybrid architecture is the dynamic link system, which bridges these architectures by dynamically integrating Capsule-specific components into the Driveboard software stack during runtime. The performance of the developed systen and its functionality were evaluated using a hardware setup integrated into a Driveboard prototype. The dynamic link aystem was evaluated including latency measurements, as well as functionality tests. Additionally, a cloud-based reconfiguration process enhances the versatility of the Driveboard by allowing for over-the-air software updates and resource allocation. The results show a promising hybrid, reconfigurable E/E architecture that aims to enable a robust transition towards a pure service-oriented architecture required in future electric autonomous vehicles.
The author – a leading theoretical cosmologist – expands on his widely acclaimed lecture notes in this self-contained textbook, suitable for the advanced undergraduate or starting graduate level. Presenting the key theoretical foundations of cosmology and describing the observations that have turned the subject into a precision science, the author keeps the student in mind on every page by explaining concepts step-by-step, in an approachable manner. After describing the dynamics of the homogeneous universe, the book traces the evolution of small density fluctuations, which were created quantum-mechanically during inflation and are today observed in the cosmic microwave background and the large-scale structure of the universe. The book is ideally suited as a course companion or for self-study. With all necessary background material covered, students have everything they need to establish an unrivalled understanding of the subject. Complete with many worked examples, figures, and homework problems, this textbook is a definitive resource for advanced students in physics, astronomy and applied mathematics.
The author – a leading theoretical cosmologist – expands on his widely acclaimed lecture notes in this self-contained textbook, suitable for the advanced undergraduate or starting graduate level. Presenting the key theoretical foundations of cosmology and describing the observations that have turned the subject into a precision science, the author keeps the student in mind on every page by explaining concepts step-by-step, in an approachable manner. After describing the dynamics of the homogeneous universe, the book traces the evolution of small density fluctuations, which were created quantum-mechanically during inflation and are today observed in the cosmic microwave background and the large-scale structure of the universe. The book is ideally suited as a course companion or for self-study. With all necessary background material covered, students have everything they need to establish an unrivalled understanding of the subject. Complete with many worked examples, figures, and homework problems, this textbook is a definitive resource for advanced students in physics, astronomy and applied mathematics.
The author – a leading theoretical cosmologist – expands on his widely acclaimed lecture notes in this self-contained textbook, suitable for the advanced undergraduate or starting graduate level. Presenting the key theoretical foundations of cosmology and describing the observations that have turned the subject into a precision science, the author keeps the student in mind on every page by explaining concepts step-by-step, in an approachable manner. After describing the dynamics of the homogeneous universe, the book traces the evolution of small density fluctuations, which were created quantum-mechanically during inflation and are today observed in the cosmic microwave background and the large-scale structure of the universe. The book is ideally suited as a course companion or for self-study. With all necessary background material covered, students have everything they need to establish an unrivalled understanding of the subject. Complete with many worked examples, figures, and homework problems, this textbook is a definitive resource for advanced students in physics, astronomy and applied mathematics.