The issue of water resource pollution resulting from the discharge of dyes is a matter of great concern for the environment. In this investigation, a new ternary heterogeneous Mg-Al LDH@g-C₃N₄X@Ag₃PO₄Y (X = wt % of g-C₃N₄ with respect to Mg-Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) and Y = wt % of Ag₃PO₄ loaded on Mg-Al LDH@g-C₃N₄30) nanocomposite was prepared with the aim of increasing charge carrier separation and enhancement of photocatalytic performance to degrade methylene blue (MB) dye. The prepared samples were subjected to characterization via Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, photoluminescence, and photoelectrochemical analysis. It was observed that in the presence of the composite of Mg-Al LDH and g-C₃N₄, the photocatalytic decomposition of MB under 150 W mercury lamp illumination increases significantly as opposed to Mg-Al LDH alone, and the Mg-Al LDH@g-C₃N₄ level with Ag₃PO₄ coating causes the complete degradation of MB to occur in less time. The outcomes show that the Mg-Al LDH@g-C₃N₄30@Ag₃PO₄5 nanocomposite demonstrated the highest photodegradation activity (99%). Scavenger tests showed that the two most effective agents in the photodegradation of MB are holes and hydroxyl radicals, respectively. Finally, a type II heterojunction photocatalytic degradation mechanism for MB by Mg-Al LDH@g-C₃N₄30@Ag₃PO₄5 was proposed.

The current review discusses on vanadium- and manganese-based metal–organic frameworks and their derivatives for energy storage and conversion applications along with the potential future advancements in these fields.

The current review presents the importance of non-noble MOFs for H ₂ production in urea-assisted water electrolyzers, through which the UOR becomes the favored anodic half-reaction during water electrolysis to enhance the overall system efficiency.