Background: Salt stress is a significant environmental factor that affects plant growth and productivity, particularly in regions with increasing soil salinization. Understanding the impact of different salt types and concentrations on seed germination and seedling vigor is crucial for developing strategies to mitigate salinity stress in agricultural settings. This study evaluates the effects of NaCl and KCl at varying concentrations on the germination and seedling vigor of the Goksu chickpea cultivar (Cicer arietinum L.). Methods: The study was conducted at Gaziantep University, Nurdagi Vocational School between November 2022 and January 2023. This study evaluates the effects of different salt types (NaCl and KCl) and their varying concentrations on the germination and seedling vigor of the Goksu chickpea cultivar. The experiment was conducted under controlled conditions with seven different concentrations of each salt (0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150 mm). Result: It is indicated that increasing salt concentrations had a negative impact on all measured parameters. GP decreased significantly with higher salt levels, with NaCl treatments generally exhibiting higher GP compared to KCl. The MGT increased with higher salt concentrations, reflecting the delayed germination process under salinity stress. Both radicle and PL were adversely affected, with NaCl having a more pronounced negative impact compared to KCl. The GI, CVG and SVI also decreased significantly with higher salt concentrations, demonstrating the overall decline in seedling vigor under salinity stress.

Path coefficient analysis provides a much better understanding of the correlation coefficient values. Spad values give information about the state of the leaf. In the study, path coefficient analysis was performed, especially SPAD values in beans. The study was carried out Kahramanmaraş Sutcu Imam University, treatment area in 2021 year. Mispir cultivar and Aydintepe local common bean genotype were used, leonardite and chicken litter and their mixture were used, various doses (3,6,9 t ha-1 and conventional fertilizer (25 kg ha-1 N/64 kg ha-1 P2O5) and control application) were added to the soil. Leaf chlorophyll content was measured in three periods: early leaf (1st SPAD), flowering stage (2nd SPAD), post-flowering (3rd SPAD). In addition, seed yield and biomass yield values were determined. Chicken Manure 3 t ha-1 organic fertilizer application showed the best performance among all applications in terms of seed yield. And the Aydintepe local genotype showed higher performance than the Mispir cultivar for the most of the properties examined.

International Peer-Review E-Journal.

Background: Evaluating genotype performance in target environments is crucial for crop improvement. This preliminary study was conducted to assess the seed yield, stability and adaptation of seven common bean genotypes in two contrasting agro-ecologies in Turkey: the cool, high-altitude environment of Bayburt and the hot, lowland environment of Kahramanmaras. Methods: Field trials were conducted in Bayburt (2019) and Kahramanmaras (2021) using a randomized complete block design. Data were analyzed using combined analysis of variance, GGE biplot and Wricke’s Ecovalence (W2i). Result: Our investigations revealed significant effects for genotype (G), environment (E) and their interaction (GxE), confirming that genotypes responded differently to the test environments. The GGE biplot analysis showed that the Suludere genotype was the top performer in Bayburt, whereas Mollakoy and Aydintepe genotypes were superior in Kahramanmaras. According to Wricke’s Ecovalence analysis, Yukarikirzi was the most stable genotype, while Suludere was the least stable, confirming its specific adaptation. The Mollakoy genotype was identified as a desirable genotype, combining high average yield with relative stability. These preliminary findings highlight the importance of targeted genotype selection. ‘Mollakoy’ is a promising candidate for broader evaluation, while ‘Suludere’ appears specifically adapted to cooler, high-altitude conditions similar to Bayburt.

Background: Heavy metal contamination in agricultural soils is a significant issue. Phaseolus vulgaris, a vital crop, is particularly sensitive to Cd, which impacts germination and early growth stages. This study aims to examine these effects to develop strategies for managing Cd toxicity in agriculture. Methods: This study was conducted at Kahramanmaras Sutçu Imam University between June 2023 and September 2023. This study investigates the effects of cadmium (Cd) toxicity on the growth and germination of Phaseolus vulgaris L. (common bean) cultivars Aydintepe and Ispir. Various concentrations of Cd (0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 and 128 mg/l) were applied and their impacts on root weight, plumula fresh weight, plumula length, radicle length and germination percentage were evaluated. Result: The results revealed that higher Cd concentrations significantly reduced root weight, radicle length and germination percentage in both cultivars. The Ispir variety exhibited slightly better tolerance in terms of root weight and plumula fresh weight compared to Aydintepe. Additionally, Aydintepe showed longer plumula lengths than Ispir across all Cd concentrations. No significant difference was observed between the two cultivars in terms of radicle length and germination percentage. These findings highlight the detrimental effects of Cd on plant growth and germination, emphasizing the need for selecting Cd-tolerant varieties for cultivation in contaminated soils. The study suggests further research into the genetic and physiological mechanisms underlying Cd tolerance to develop more resilient crop varieties.

Background: Selenium is an essential micronutrient for plants, playing a critical role in various physiological processes. However, its effects on plant growth can be dual, acting as both a beneficial nutrient and a potential toxin depending on its concentration. This study investigates the impact of selenium on the germination and early growth stages of Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean), a crop of significant agricultural importance. Methods: The experiment was conducted under controlled laboratory conditions at Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University (Kahramanmaras/Turkey) in 2022 year. Phaseolus vulgaris seeds were subjected to different selenium concentrations: 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512 and 1024 mg/l. The seeds were incubated in Petri dishes and monitored for various parameters including plumula length, radicle length, germination ratio, germination index and seed vigor index. Result: It is indicated that both genotype and selenium dose had significant effects on the evaluated parameters. Lower selenium doses (0,1,2,4,8 and 16mg/l) generally promoted germination and growth, while higher doses (32 mg/l and above) had inhibitory effects. The germination ratio, germination index and seed vigor index were significantly higher at lower selenium concentrations, indicating an optimal dose for enhancing seedling vigor and growth. The findings highlight the dual role of selenium as both a nutrient and a potential toxin, depending on its concentration. This study provides valuable insights into optimizing selenium application for improving the growth and productivity of common bean plants. Understanding the optimal selenium levels for different genotypes can aid in developing better fertilization strategies for sustainable agriculture.