Background: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders in women’s reproductive period of life. The presence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease NAFLD, one of the leading causes of chronic liver disease in the Western world, is increased in women with PCOS. This review aims to present current knowledge in epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnostics, and treatment of NAFLD in PCOS with an emphasis on the molecular basis of development of NAFLD in PCOS women. Methods: Authors investigated the available data on PCOS and NAFLD by a MEDLINE and Pub Med search during the years 1990–2021 using a combination of keywords such as “PCOS”, “NAFLD”, “steatohepatitis”, “insulin resistance”, “hyperandrogenaemia”, “inflammation”, “adipose tissue”, and “obesity”. Peer-reviewed articles regarding NAFLD and PCOS were included in this manuscript. Additional articles were identified from the references of relevant papers. Results: PCOS and NAFLD are multifactorial diseases, The development of NAFLD in PCOS women is linked to insulin resistance, hyperandrogenemia, obesity, adipose tissue dysfunction, and inflammation. There is the possible role of the gut microbiome, mitochondrial dysfunction, and endocannabinoid system in the maintenance of NAFLD in PCOS women. Conclusions: There is a need for further investigation about the mechanism of the development of NAFLD in PCOS women. New data about the molecular basis of development of NAFLD in PCOS integrated with epidemiological and clinical information could influence the evolution of new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches of NAFLD in PCOS.

Introduction: Peripheral nerve blocks are an efficient method of pain control after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), but there is no report of their impact on chronic post-surgical pain (CPSP).Methods: This prospective observational study aimed to assess adductor canal block (ACB) and IPACK block (blocks vs. no blocks) on opioid consumption, postoperative pain score, chronic post-surgical pain 2 years after TKA.Results: 166 patients (82 vs. 84) were analyzed. Opioid consumption was less in the group with blocks (9.74 ± 3.87 mg vs. 30.63 ± 11.52 mg) (p < 0.001). CPSP was present in 20.24% of patients in the group without blocks and 6.1% of patients with blocks (p = 0.011). Predictor variables of CPSP included pain before surgery (cut-off of 5.5), pain at rest (cut-off of 2.35), pain during active movement (cut-off: 2.5), and opioid consumption (cut-off: 8 mg).Conclusion: Peripheral nerve blocks provide adequate analgesia, significantly decrease opioid consumption, improve functional outcomes, and reduce CPSP 2 years after surgery.

This observational study aimed to identify predictors of kinesiophobia and examine its correlation with early functional outcomes in TKA recipients. On the first and fifth postoperative days (POD1 and POD5), we evaluated pain using the International Pain Outcomes Questionnaire (IPO-Q) and created multidimensional pain composite scores (PCSs). The Total Pain Composite Score (PCStotal) assesses the overall impact of pain, taking into account outcomes of pain intensity, pain-related interference with function, and emotions and side effects. Functional status on POD 5 was determined by the Barthel index, 6 min walking test, and knee range of motion. Kinesiophobia was assessed on POD5 using the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK). Among 75 TKA patients, 27% exhibited kinesiophobia. The final regression model highlighted PCStotal on POD5 (OR = 6.2, CI = 1.9–19.9), PCStotal (OR = 2.1, CI = 1.2–3.8) on POD1, and the intensity of chronic pain before surgery (OR = 1.4, CI = 1.1–2.1) as significant kinesiophobia predictors. On POD5, those with kinesiophobia showed increased dependency, slower gait, and poorer knee extension recovery. This study emphasizes the need to identify and address kinesiophobia in TKA patients for better functional outcomes and recovery. Additionally, it is vital to assess different domains of pain, not just pain intensity, as it can lead to kinesiophobia development.

Background: Many European countries’ epidemiological data on burns were analyzed. This research aimed to analyze the key epidemiological characteristics of hospitalized burn patients in Serbia’s major burn unit over 10 years, as well as to create the very first national epidemiological dataset with the basic requirements for future epidemiological studies. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted, and demographic, clinical, and burn characteristics, as well as predictors of mortality, were analyzed. Results: A total of 996 patients were included. The mean age of the population was 54.65 ± 27.15 years. Regarding etiology, flame was the most common (49.0%). Patient comorbidities were noted on admission in 50.1% of cases. The mean % of total burn surface area (TBSA) was 16.89 ± 18.72%. Inhalation injury was confirmed in 7.5% of patients, and a total of 10.3% of patients required mechanical ventilation during hospitalization. The requirement for mechanical ventilation support was the strongest independent predictor of mortality, while other independent predictors of mortality were male gender, higher %TBSA, deep burns, mechanism of injury, an extended total length of stay (LOS), the occurrence of complications during hospitalization, and conservative treatment modalities. Conclusion: Burn injury mortality remains high, and %TBSA, burn depth, mechanical ventilation requirement, inhalation injury, and the presence of comorbidities on admission unfavorably influence mortality rates.