Extranodal Marginal Zone Lymphoma (EMZL lymphoma) is an indolent B-cell lymphoma with a median age at diagnosis of about 60 years. It accounts for 7–8% of all B-cell lymphomas. It can occur in various extranodal sites, including stomach, lung, ocular adnexa, and skin; furthermore, the disseminated disease can be found in 25–50% of cases. Several infectious agents, such as Helicobacter pylori (H. Pylori) in the case of gastric Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT) Lymphoma, can drive the pathogenesis of this cancer, through the autoantigenic stimulation of T cells, but there may also be other factors participating such autoimmune diseases. Initial staging should include total body computed tomography, bone marrow aspirate, and endoscopic investigation if indicated. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), should be performed to detect the presence of specific chromosomal translocations involving the MALT1 and BCL10 genes, which leads to the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Depending on the location and dissemination of the disease, different therapeutic choices may include targeted therapy against the etiopathogenetic agent, radiotherapy, immunochemotherapy, and biological drugs. The purpose of this review is to illustrate the complex biology and the diagnosis of this disease and to better define new treatment strategies.

Summary: We investigated the current role of interferon‐alpha (IFNα) in hairy cell leukaemia (HCL) in a retrospective analysis of patients with HCL. A cohort of 74 patients with HCL was divided in to three groups: (A) patients aged >65 years with first‐line treatment; (B) patients with comorbidities with first‐line treatment; (C) patients who were purine analogues resistant. In total, 94% achieved a response, with a complete response rate of 24%. After a median (range) follow‐up of 60 (7–236) months, 55 patients (78%) are still responding. The 5‐year progression‐free survival was 95%, 68%, and 96% in groups A, B and C respectively. A proportion of patients were monitored through their B‐Raf proto‐oncogene, serine/threonine kinase (BRAF)‐V600E status. IFNα remains a possible option in select patients with HCL, where minimal residual disease negativity is achievable.

Background: Despite that the unfavorable prognostic role of a high Total Metabolic Tumor Volume (TMTV) in Follicular Lymphoma has been demonstrated, the role of SUV_max alone at baseline PET/CT could have a different prognostic role. Patients and Methods: We performed a retrospective observational monocentric cohort study. All patients affected by FL who underwent a basal PET/CT were included. Two subgroups were identified and compared in terms of PFS and OS: (A) Basal SUV_max ≤ 6; and (B) Basal SUV_max > 6. Results: Ninety-four patients were included, 34 in group A (36.2%) and 60 in group B (63.8%). The PFS at two years was comparable in the two groups (97%). The five-year PFS was 73.5% for group A and 95% for group B (p 0.005). The five-year PFS in the whole cohort was 87.5%. A clear advantage was confirmed in group A in the absence of other risk factors. Patients with SUV_max ≤ 6 and no risk factors showed a 5-year PFS of 73% against 83% for patients with SUV_max > 6 and at least two risk factors. Conclusion: A high FDG uptake favorably correlated with PFS. A low basal SUV_max reflected a higher rate of late relapse requiring a prolonged follow-up. The basal SUV_max is an approachable parameter with prognostic implications.

Thrombosis Lymphoma (ThroLy) and Khorana scores have been conceived to predict the thrombotic risk in oncohematologic patients. Currently, there is no univocal indication to perform thromboprophylaxis in classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). We performed a retrospective study to validate scores and risk factors in a cohort of consecutive patients with cHL, treated from 2014 to 2022 outside clinical trials. A total of 470 cHL patients without thromboprophylaxis were included, of whom 57 (12%) experienced a thrombotic event (TE) at 3.3 months (range 1–52) from diagnosis. Neither Khorana nor ThroLy score significantly predicted the thrombotic risk. In a multivariate analysis including Throly parameters and other risk factors, an independent prognostic impact on the TE risk was found for bulky disease (3 points), ECOG PS 2–4 (2 points), presence of peripherally implanted central venous catheter (2 points), mediastinal involvement (1 point), which were combined in a new risk model (Thro‐HL). Low‐risk (score 0–1; 39%, n = 183), intermediate‐risk (score 2–3; 46%, n = 214), and high‐risk (score > 3; 15%, n = 72) patients had a significantly different TE rate, of 2.7%, 16%, and 25% (P < 0.001), respectively. Three‐year‐thrombotic event‐free survival was 97% (CI 95–100) for low‐risk and 76% (CI 66–86) for high‐risk patients (P < 0.0001, Harrel's C‐index = 0.70). Thro‐HL could be a promising tool to be validated in larger series.