Preeclampsia (PE) is a multifactorial hypertensive disorder that typically manifests after the twentieth week of pregnancy, significantly impacting perinatal mortality and neonatal morbidity. Its development is influenced by immunological components, systemic inflammation, and genetic factors, with placental malfunction playing a crucial role. While many aspects of its pathophysiology have been elucidated, its key mechanisms remain incompletely understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small noncoding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression, have emerged as promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets in PE. Dysregulated miRNAs have been identified in pregnant PE patients, highlighting their role in disease onset. Placenta-specific miRNAs, such as miR-210 and miR-155, influence inflammation, endothelial function, and hypoxia responses, which are closely associated with PE development. These miRNAs play a crucial role in regulating trophoblast invasion, angiogenesis, and immune modulation, further linking their dysregulation to the pathophysiology of PE. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the role of miRNAs in PE, focusing on their potential as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. By integrating recent advancements in molecular research, we explore their implications in clinical practice, particularly in risk assessment, early detection, and novel treatment strategies.

This review explores the impact of maternal obesity on pregnancy outcomes, emphasizing its significant global health challenge and profound implications for both mothers and infants. It influences the timing and mode of childbirth, elevating the risk of conditions like hypertensive disorders, cesarean delivery, and gestational diabetes mellitus. The review focuses on analyzing how maternal obesity affects postpartum recovery, birth timing, and delivery methods. Relevant studies were identified using PubMed and Scopus. Findings indicate that obese pregnant women are at higher risk for medically indicated preterm birth, scheduled and emergency cesarean sections, and labor induction. Postpartum recovery is often prolonged due to breastfeeding challenges, infection risks, and delayed wound healing. Additionally, maternal obesity increases the likelihood of fetal complications such as macrosomia and long-term metabolic disorders. These results highlight the importance of personalized treatments and early weight control to improve the health of both mother and baby. A comprehensive approach integrating clinical care, public health initiatives, and policy measures is essential to reduce pregnancy complications associated with obesity.

Background/Objectives: Preeclampsia represents a significant obstetric complication, frequently linked to elevated levels of perinatal morbidity. This review sought to systematically examine the existing literature regarding associations between telomere length in maternal blood, placental tissue, and umbilical cord blood, and the occurrence of preeclampsia. Methods: A comprehensive search of PubMed/MEDLINE and ScienceDirect was conducted to identify studies published up to January 2025 that investigated telomere length in relation to preeclampsia. All observational studies comparing telomere length between women with preeclampsia and healthy pregnant controls were included. Results: A total of 838 studies were assessed. Although findings regarding the association between telomere length in leukocytes in maternal peripheral blood, placental tissue, and cord blood with preeclampsia remain inconsistent, the studies with the largest sample sizes for maternal blood and placental tissue have reported shorter telomere lengths in preeclamptic cases. In cases of preeclampsia, telomerase levels in leukocytes in maternal peripheral blood are elevated, whereas telomerase expression in placental tissue is reduced. Conclusions: Current evidence regarding the role of telomere length in preeclampsia remains inconsistent, precluding definitive conclusions. To clarify its potential as a biomarker, large-scale prospective studies are warranted to longitudinally assess telomere length in leukocytes in maternal peripheral blood, placental tissue, and cord blood, and to establish optimal threshold values.