The main purpose of the current study is to empirically analyze the impact of agriculture, energy consumption, and economic growth on environmental degradation in Türkiye for the period of 1968–2020. Against the backdrop, we tested agriculture-induced EKC hypothesis employing Ecological Footprint (EFP) instead of emissions because EFP better represents the sustainability. Our results from ARDL model indicate the validation of the EKC hypothesis for Türkiye. Hence environmental deterioration worsens with economic growth and improves with higher level of GDP. Moreover, increase in both the agricultural value added per capita and energy use per capita increases the EFP per capita. In other words, agricultural production, and energy usage are important drivers for environmental quality. The causality results show the presence of growth hypothesis between agriculture and GDP and energy-EFP for Türkiye. Therefore, government should envisage the policies towards sustainable economic growth as discussed under the conclusion part.

This article presents the results of a simulation on the short-, medium- and long-term aggregated economic contribution of Syrian refugees on the Turkish economy. The simulation is focused on two sources of impact: refugees’ access to the Turkish labor market and the investment flow generated by Syrians inside the country. An input–output approach is used to compute economic effects considering the intersectoral linkages of the Turkish economy, thereby expanding the focus of a classic impact study. Our results show a positive economic impact of Syrian refugees of around 2 percent of GDP in the short term and 4 percent in the long term. Syrian immigration in Turkey is becoming a factor of economic dynamism that not only benefits the Syrian community itself but also the Turkish host communities. The direct and indirect contribution in terms of production and demand is very relevant and, properly channeled and promoted, can become a relative advantage for the country and not a burden of care.

The most significant impact of the industrial production process is the environmental damage caused by the waste generated during production. European Union countries aim to reduce environmental harm by reintegrating waste, production inputs, and materials generated during production and consumption activities back into the production process. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the studies related to the circular economy in the context of European Union countries within the circular economy literature. For this evaluation, the authors used the studies from the circular economy literature available in the SCOPUS database for the period between 2004 and 2024. The analysis of the obtained dataset was conducted using the PRISMA (2015) approach. According to the findings, although many studies exist, most focus on implementing circular economy regulations and laws. Upon reviewing these publications, many were found unrelated to the circular economy. Furthermore, there is a significant gap in studies employing econometric models to analyze the circular economy, and no research has been found that performs a literature review using meta-synthesis methods specifically on the circular economy within the context of EU countries. These findings aim to fill this gap and guide academics and policymakers researching the topic.