Background: Patients need cognitive and social skills in order to be able to make informed healthcare decisions. Health literacy (HL) encompasses these skills, enabling individuals to manage their conditions and adapt to challenges. HL interventions in patients could be a powerful way of optimizing self-management (SM) in individuals with chronic diseases. Purpose: To examine the efficacy of HL interventions on the medical, emotional, and role management domains of SM, theoretical foundations, conceptualizations of HL and SM, and intervention components. Methods: Health literacy interventions aimed at increasing SM in adults (≥18 years) with chronic diseases were considered. A database search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online), and Web of Science from 2014 to 2024. Results were reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses. Risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Checklist. Results: Fourteen studies were included. Interventions improved 3 components of medical management: medication adherence, disease knowledge, and self-efficacy. However, the effects on adherence to diet and exercise regimens, also part of medical management, were inconclusive. Emotional and role management received limited attention. There was inconsistency between HL definitions and instruments. Most interventions were delivered through in-person sessions. Overall, studies showed moderate risk of bias, which may have influenced the results. Conclusions: Theory-based interventions, methodological consistency, and comprehensive HL and SM measures are needed to understand interventions’ effectiveness. To support behavioral change, HL interventions must address emotional and role management. Future high-quality research is required to determine optimal strategies for strengthening SM through HL interventions.

This study aimed to adapt and analyze the psychometric properties of the Exercise Behavior Regulation Questionnaire (BREQ-3) for assessing motivation towards incidental physical activity. An instrumental study in a sample of 346 university students (21.1 ± 2.6 years, and 61.3% women) from various universities in Chile was undertaken. An adaptation of the BREQ-3 was applied, and a confirmatory factor analysis was performed using a robust weighted least squares estimator to assess the construct validity of the scale. Also, the convergent validity was evaluated using the average variance extracted, the discriminant validity using composite reliability, and the internal consistency using Cronbach’s alpha (α) and McDonald’s omega (ω) coefficients. The six-factor structure of intrinsic motivation (α = 0.96, ω = 0.96), integrated regulation (α = 0.95, ω = 0.95), identified regulation (α = 0.89, ω = 0.90), introjected regulation (α = 0.75, ω = 0.77), external regulation (α = 0.80, ω = 0.83), and amotivation (α = 0.75, ω = 0.79), with acceptable fit indices after eliminating items 8 and 11, was confirmed—χ²/df: 2.196, CFI: 0.99, TLI: 0.99, RMSEA: 0.059 (90% CI; 0.051–0.067). Adaptation of the BREQ-3 appears to be a reliable measure for assessing motivation in the context of incidental physical activity. Its use will contribute to understanding the explanatory mechanisms underlying this behavior.