Introduction Anosmia is one of the common symptoms of COVID-19, the link between severity of chest infection and anosmia was investigated by few studies. Objectives To find an association between anosmia and severity of chest infection. Methods An analysis of patients admitted to isolation hospital of our university with confirmed polymerase chain reaction positive testing for COVID-19, between March 2021 until September 2021. We called all patients who reported anosmia during their time of illness and asked them about anosmia. We examined their chest CT. A statistical analysis was done. Results A total of 140 patients completed the study; 65% were female and 56.4% had complete anosmia. Anosmia was significantly associated with loss of taste. Smell returned in 92.5% of anosmic patients. Duration of smell loss was ∼ 2 weeks in 40.5%. The most common symptoms associated with anosmia were running nose, sore throat, fever, and cough. Loss of smell was significantly associated with mild chest disease. 73.4% of anosmic patients had mild chest infection, 21.5% of them had moderate infection, and 5.1% had severe chest infection. Conclusion The pattern of anosmia in COVID-19 patients has some common similarities in general; the way it starts, the associated symptoms, the time until smell returns and, the most important, the severity of chest infection. As anosmia is significantly associated with mild chest infection. the presence of anosmia could be an independent predictor of good COVID-19 outcome as reflected by a lower disease severity and less frequent ICU admissions.

Background: The identification of skeletal remains begins with a sex evaluation since other biological profile elements, such as size and age, are sex-specific. The pelvis is the favored element for sex assessment since it is very sexually dimorphic. Aim of the study: Delivering hand and foot bones sex estimate criteria for Egyptian population identification was the goal of this work. Subject and methods: Eighty-two Egyptian adult subjects (41 males and 41 females) aged ≥ 21 years old were subjected to MRI scan on the right hand and foot to assess 9 measurements: hand length, hand width, four measurements of middle metacarpal bone (length, breadth, head breadth and base breadth), first metatarsal bone length, first metatarsal bone width and (first metatarsal bone length x first metatarsal bone width). Results: All the measured parameters in the right hand and foot were higher in males than females. First metatarsal bone length x first metatarsal bone width in the foot and middle metacarpal bone breadth in the hand were the most sexually dimorphic parameters, with accuracy of 86.6 percent and 84.1 percent, respectively. In stepwise discriminant analysis, three of nine measurements were selected: First metatarsal bone length x first metatarsal bone width, middle metacarpal bone breadth and hand width for the sex prediction equation in the Egyptian population, with a cross-validated sex classification accuracy of 90.2%. Conclusion: Sex can be assessed from hand and foot metric parameters measured by MRI with high accuracy.

Background: Patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) can suffer from varied degrees of depression and anxiety. Objectives: to determinate the frequency and severity of depression, anxiety and stress in patients with CLD and to identify the relation between sociodemographic, disease-specific factors and depression, anxiety and stress among those patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done in internal medicine outpatient clinic, Zagazig university hospital in the period from June to December 2018. A questionnaire including personal characteristics and etiology of CLD was filled in. The diagnosis of CLD was confirmed by using combination of clinical signs, symptoms, laboratory investigations and ultrasonography. The severity of liver disease was quantified using modified Child-Pugh classification. Mental health was assessed using Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) questionnaire. Results: More than one fourth of cases had mild depression while 16.5% of them had moderate depression. The same percentage reported extremely severe anxiety and severe stress. There are statistically significant differences between gender, patient education, ascites, child pough classification, comorbid diabetes and mean depression, anxiety and stress scores. Comorbid diabetes and decompensated cirrhosis significantly increase risk of depression by 3.84 and 17.7 folds respectively. Absence of comorbid hypertension and being illiterate were protective factors against anxiety or stress. Absence of diabetes protects against stress. Conclusion: Psychiatric symptoms were frequent among patients with CLD. Comorbid diabetes and decompensated cirrhosis increase risk of depression while absence of hypertension and illiteracy were protective factors against both anxiety and stress symptoms.

Background: Diabetic dyslipidemia is characterized by elevated fasting, postprandial triglycerides (TGs), low high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL). This study aimed at assessing frequency of dyslipidemia among patients with diabetes, identifying risk factors for potential dyslipidemia and defining its relation with diabetic foot risk.Methods: A cross-sectional study involved 345 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending Diabetes outpatient clinic, Zagazig University hospital from March to September 2019. The studied patients underwent history taking, physical examination emphasizing on foot examination and laboratory investigations including lipid profile, and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c).Results: Mean patients’ age was 50.34 years. Male constituted 58.3%. About 86% , 42%, 44.1% had middle social class, comorbid hypertension, and uncontrolled diabetes respectively. Dyslipidemia prevailed in 41.4%. About 20.3% had low diabetic foot risk. There were significant relation between occurrence of dyslipidemia and all of diabetes control, cigarette smoking, comorbid hypertension, body weight, BMI, fasting blood glucose (FBG), and diabetic foot risk. Increasing body weight non-significantly elevated risk of dyslipidemia by about one fold. Rising duration of diabetes, fasting blood glucose, uncontrolled diabetes, and presence of comorbid hypertension significantly increased that risk by about one, one, five, two and seven folds respectively. Dyslipidemia significantly increased risk of intermediate, high and very high risk for diabetic foot by three, 6.15 and 6.42 folds respectively. Conclusion: Dyslipidemia was prevalent in diabetic patients. Increasing duration of diabetes, (FBG), uncontrolled diabetes, comorbid hypertension were significant risk factor for dyslipidemia. Dyslipidemia significantly increased diabetic foot risk.

Background:Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a severe psychiatric disorder of childhood comprised severe troubles in verbal, non verbal communication, language development, repetitive limited patterns of behaviors and obsessive resistance to small changes in familiar surrounding. Aim to assess role of epidemiological, clinical and psychiatric determinants as risk factors of ASD. Methods: A case control study was recruited on 72 ASD children attending psychiatric outpatient clinic and 72 healthy children. Their caregivers completed a questionnaire about risk factors for ASD. Then they underwent complete assessment of mental age using Stanford-Binet intelligence scale, childhood autism rating scale to outline severity of ASD in cases and exclude presence of autistic features in controls.Results:There is a statistically significant difference between both groups regarding mother,and father education, fathers’ age at conception, family history of psychiatric disorders, history of induction of ovulation, hypertension during pregnancy, folic acid supplementation during 1st trimester of pregnancy, use of anti D, history of postnatal hypoxia, admission to NICU and feeding type. A significant difference between them concerning reaction to others and delayed developmental milestones was found. About 63% and 58% had severe autism and mild to severe mental retardation respectivey. Paternal age, positive family history of psychiatric diseases, postnatal hypoxia significantly increased risk of ASD. Folic acid supplementation during 1st trimester of pregnancy significantly decreased risk.Conclusion: Family history of psychiatric disorders, Advanced fathers’ age at conception, postnatal hypoxia were significant risk factors. Folic acid supplementation during 1st trimester is a significant protector

Background: Healthy lifestyle promotion among females, enables attainment of healthy generations. Objectives: To evaluate effect of an educational intervention about health promoting lifestyle on health outcomes menopausal symptoms among Egyptian females. Methods: A quasi-intervention study, was conducted in two directorates in Zagazig district, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt from March to December 2021. A representative sample was drawn by a two-stage sample design. The study was conducted through pthree phases: pre and post intervention phases for both groups. Within intervention phase, educational messages on adopting health promoting lifestyle was applied for the intervention group. Results: There is statistically non-significant difference between both groups regarding mean score of baseline health responsibility, physical activity, nutrition, spiritual growth, interpersonal relation, stress management, total health promotive lifestyles, somatic, psychological, urogenital and total menopausal rating scale scores. There is statistically significant difference between them regarding means of all domains of both tools after intervention. Within intervention group, there is statistically significant improvement in domains and total scores after intervention. Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP) become significantly lower among intervention group. There is significant decrease in mean BMI, blood sugar, SBP and DBP within intervention group. On the other hand, within control group, there is non-significant change in BMI, SBP, or DBP. Conclusion: Implementing educational interventions based on health-promoting behaviors is an effective technique for reducing illness occurrence and improving women’s postmenopausal health.