Acute spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition that results in tremendous physical and psychological harm and a series of socioeconomic problems. Although neurons in the spinal cord need neurotrophic factors for their survival and development to reestablish their connections with their original targets, endogenous neurotrophic factors are scarce and the sustainable delivery of exogeneous neurotrophic factors is challenging. The widely studied neurotrophic factors such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neurotrophin-3, nerve growth factor, ciliary neurotrophic factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, and glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor have a relatively short cycle that is not sufficient enough for functionally significant neural regeneration after SCI. In the past decades, scholars have tried a variety of cellular and viral vehicles as well as tissue engineering scaffolds to safely and sustainably deliver those necessary neurotrophic factors to the injury site, and achieved satisfactory neural repair and functional recovery on many occasions. Here, we review the neurotrophic factors that have been used in trials to treat SCI, and vehicles that were commonly used for their sustained delivery.

Background: To study the biomechanical effects of femoral prostheses at different coronal positions using finite element analysis and provide a clinical reference for unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA). Methods: A normal knee joint model was established and verified, establishing 13 working conditions for the femoral prosthesis: the standard position, varus and valgus angles of 3°, 6° and 9° and medial and lateral translations of 1 mm, 3 mm and 5 mm. The stress changes at different positions were analysed, including the polyethylene (PE) insert upper surface, the surface of lateral compartment cartilage and the surface of cancellous bone under tibial prosthesis. Results: The stresses on the PE insert upper surface and the cancellous bone surface increased with increasing femoral prosthesis valgus/varus, and the stress increased gradually during medial to lateral translation. The stress change is more significant during valgus and lateral translation. However, the stress on the cartilage surface decreases in the process of varus to valgus and medial translation to lateral translation. Conclusion: The fixed-bearing femoral prosthesis of the medial UKA should avoid translation or varus/valgus tilt on the coronal plane as much as possible. The obvious misalignment of the femoral prosthesis will significantly affect the stress on the internal structure of the knee joint, especially the PE insert and cartilage surface. A femoral prosthesis coronal tilt of more than 6° may significantly increase the stress on the PE surface, and varus of more than 6° may significantly increase the stress on the cartilage surface. For the femoral prosthesis position at the distal end of the femoral condyle, it is recommended to be placed in the centre.

Objective: By reviewing the literature analyzing vancomycin powder for preventive surgery, the effect of this method on reducing the infection rate after TJA was systematically evaluated to provide a basis for future clinical work. Methods: Using PubMed, Medline, Elsevier, and CNKI, with the following mesh words: “vancomycin”, “local / intraoperative / topical / intrawound”, “TJA”, “TKA”, “THA”, “total joint arthroplasty”, “total knee arthroplasty”, “total hip arthroplasty”, “infection”, and “SSI”, to search for case-control research papers on the impact of prophylactic application of vancomycin powder on the incidence of postoperative infection, we compared the overall infection rate in the literature by using RevMan 5.3 meta-analysis software and analyzed the impact of vancomycin on the infection rate of different parts and types of TJA according to different subgroups. Results: A total of 22 qualified studies were selected; twenty-five studies compared the effect of prophylactic use of vancomycin powder on infection rates after TJA. There were 23,363 cases in total, including 9545 cases in the vancomycin group and 13,818 cases in the control group. The results of the meta-analysis showed that the possibility of postoperative infection after prophylactic use of vancomycin powder was significantly lower than that without vancomycin risk ratio: 0.38 [0.23,0.59], P < 0.01). However, a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) showed no significant effect of vancomycin on postoperative infection (P = 0.52). Conclusion: Based on the retrospective studies, local prophylactic use of vancomycin powder in TJA can significantly reduce the incidence of postoperative infection. High-quality RCTs should be carried out to further evaluate these results.

This study aims to analyze and visualize global research trends and hotspots in rheumatoid arthritis joint replacement over the past two decades using CiteSpace and VOSviewer software.The findings from this bibliometric analysis will inform and guide future research directions in this field. We searched for relevant literature on rheumatoid arthritis joint replacement from January 2005 to August 2024 in the Web of Science database.Using CiteSpace, VOSviewer,and Bibliometrix software,we analysed keywords, authors,institutions, countries,and journals,and constructed a network cooperation map. A total of 2888 articles written by 11,723 authors from 70 countries and 3194 institutions were analysed and published in 530 journals.The United States, with 855 publications accounting for 29.61%of the world's total,and the United Kingdom, with 332 publications representing 11.50 %,made the greatest contributions.Additionally,the United States maintains strong collaborative relationships with many countries. According to the analysis of the outbreak keyword map, the joint replacement of rheumatoid arthritis has become mature, and the complications, prognosis and functional rehabilitation of joint replacement are the main focus of research in this field. we conducted a comprehensive summary of the literature on rheumatoid arthritis joint replacement published between 2005 and 2024 using bibliometrics and visual analysis.This enabled us to identify the development trends and research hotspots in this field over the past two decades, offering valuable insights for researchers planning future studies in this area.