The development of new teaching and learning material can help students to pre-pare the new 21st century relevant skills. One of the new teaching and learning materials was the interactive digital e-book named flipbook that became one solu-tion in genetics learning. This study aims to develop the preliminary interactive genetics flipbook design based Aurora 3D Animation Maker and Anchored In-struction learning models in Protein Synthesis material. This preliminary study was conducted at the Biology Education Study Program, IKIP Budi Utomo Ma-lang, Indonesia. The method used is the Thiagarajan development model. The re-sults showed that the interactive genetics flipbook based Aurora 3D Animation Maker and Anchored Instruction learning models were feasible to use in a genetic subject, especially to enhance students' critical thinking at the university level.

Algae Spirogyra have the potential to be developed as a raw material for bioethanol production. This study aims to determine the effect of the hydrolysis process of algae Spirogyra on total sugar production. The hydrolysis process of Spirogyra hyalina was carried out using a variation of heating duration and type of enzyme. This study also aimed to determine the effect of fermentation duration and the addition of nutritional fermentation on the reducing sugar, pH changes, microbial biomass and ethanol production from algae Spirogyra hyalina by using Zymomonas mobilis. The fermentation process was carried out in anaerobic conditions using a modified fermentor for 96 hours. Results showed the differences the hydrolysis process of algae Spirogyra hyalina affected on sugar levels. The highest sugar level was achieved by a combination of α-amylase and β-amylase enzymes. Fermentation duration and nutritional fermentation affected reducing sugar, pH substrate, microbial biomass and ethanol levels produced from the fermentation of algae Spirogyra by using Zymomonas mobilis.

Character education gets a lot of attention from stakeholders and educators to be developed; hence, many models have been created to develop the affective domain. This study aimed to analyze the relationship and contribution of critical thinking skills and social skills with students’ character through the application of discovery models. The population of this study were high school students in Situbondo. The research sample was chosen from SMA Negeri 1 Besuki with the purposive sampling method. The research instrument to measure critical thinking skills was an essay test developed from Facione's critical thinking skills rubric. Social skills were measured using instruments adopted from Social Skills inventory. To examine students’ character, observation sheets were developed from six pillars of character element of the Josephson Institute. The validity and reliability of the instruments were performed before using them. The results of the validity calculation with product-moment correlation analysis and the reliability calculation with Cronbach's alpha analysis showed that the instrument was valid and reliable so that it could be used in this study. Data were analyzed using multiple regression. The results showed critical thinking skills and social thinking skills together had a contribution to the development of students’ character in the application of discovery learning models. This research can be a reference for readers about the contribution of students' critical thinking skills and social skills to developing students' character. Further research is needed to find out other impacts that affect students’ character.

Cancer is the leading cause of death in the world. More than 10 million people worldwide are expected to be diagnosed with cancer, a disease commonly believed to be preventable. Moringa oleifera is one of the well known as a local plant as food and health plant in Indonesia. Anticancer is one of potential treatment found in Moringa oleifera seed, leaves, and pods extracts. This study aimed to discover natural bioactivity compound from Moringa oleifera for anticancer. Niazimicin is one of bioactive compound found in Moringa oleifera reported have potent antitumor promoting activity. The bioinformatics tool used in this study were: Pubchem compound database, protein target prediction database Pharmmapper and Chemmapper, molecular docking software PyRx 0,8, ligand docking and binding site analysis with PyMOL and LigPlus software. To check for compound’s drug-likeness were applied using DruLiTo software. Based on our previous steps, we found that niazimicin interacted with glycosyltransferase via hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interactions. Niazimicin is the best Glycosiltransferase inhibitor based on binding afinity (-7,3 kcal/mol) that is more negative than existing glycosiltransferase inhibitor, such as tert-Butyl 4-(5-formyl-2-thienyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate, sialic acid and fucose. According to Lipinski's rule parameter we discover that Niazimicin is a potential anticancer drug.

This study aimed to develop and assess strategies for integrating a green curriculum into Indonesian elementary science education to improve environmental awareness and eco-friendly culture among students. Utilizing research development design, the research began with a needs analysis from five elementary schools, followed by a quasi-experiment in one selected school. Environmental awareness and eco-friendly culture were measured at the end of the learning period in both control and experimental groups, with a t-test revealing significant differences. The experimental group showed higher environmental awareness and eco-friendly culture scores than the control group than the control group (p < .05). These results confirmed that integrating environmental responsibility into student activities in science education, such as caring for plants or animals, significantly enhances their environmental stewardship. This study provides practical and theoretical insights into green curriculum integration, especially in developing countries, and highlights the importance of incorporating ecological responsibility projects in education to promote sustainable behaviors. The findings can inform educational practices, curriculum development, and policymaking in sustainable education.

The aim of this research was to (1) compare the effectiveness of OIDDE (Orientation, Identify, Discussion, Decision, and Engage in Behavior) learning model and conventional learning models in improving bioethics knowledge; (2) compare the effectiveness of OIDDE learning model and conventional learning models in improving ethical decision-making abilities; (3) comparing the effectiveness of OIDDE learning model and conventional learning model in improving ethical attitudes. The research design was a quasi experimental non-equivalent control group design pre-test post-test. The research population was the second semester students of the biology pre-service teachers’ department of biology education of the FTTE Muhammadiyah University of Malang. Sampling was done by simple random sampling and obtained 76 students were devided into 37 students in the experimental group and 39 students in the control group. Data collecting is carried out through bioethical knowledge tests, and ethical decision- making, and scoring of ethical attitudes. Data were analyzed by ANCOVA, Kolmogorv-Smirnov, and unpaired T test. The results showed that there were significant differences in the effectiveness of achieving improved bioethics knowledge, ethical decision making, and ethical attitudes between OIDDE and conventional learning models, namely the effectiveness of OIDDE learning models higher than conventional learning models. Keywords: bioethics knowledge, biology pre-service teachers, ethical attitudes, ethical decisions, OIDDE learning model.