Hybrid photovoltaic (PV) and thermoelectric generator (TEG) systems combine heat and light energy harvesting in a single module by utilizing the entire solar spectrum. This work analyzed the feasibility and performance of a hybrid photovoltaic–thermoelectric generator system with efficient thermal management by integrating heat pipe (HP), radiative cooling (RC), and heat sink (HS) systems. The proposed system effectively reduces the PV operation temperature by evacuating the residual heat used in the TEG system to generate an additional amount of electricity. The remaining heat is evacuated from the TEG’s cold side to the atmosphere using RC and HS systems. This study also analyzed the inclusion of two TEG arrays on both sides of the HP condenser section. This numerical analysis was performed using COMSOL Multiphysics 5.5 software and was validated by previous analysis. The performance was evaluated through an energy and exergy analysis of the TEG and PV systems. Enhancing the thermal management of the hybrid PV-TEG system can increase energy production by 2.4% compared to a PV system operating under the same ambient and solar radiation conditions. Furthermore, if the proposed system includes a second array of TEG modules, the energy production increases by 5.8% compared to the PV system. The exergy analysis shows that the enhancement in the thermal management of the PV operating temperature decreases the thermal exergy efficiency of the proposed system but increases the electricity exergy efficiency. Including TEG modules on both sides of the condenser section of the HP shows the system’s best thermal and electrical performance. These results may be helpful for the optimal design of realistic solar-driven hybrid systems for globally deserted locations.

This study aims to optimize the performance of cyclone separators by simultaneously maximizing separation efficiency and minimizing pressure drop through a CFD-based multi-objective optimization framework. The research objectives are explicitly focused on (i) developing accurate predictive surrogate models for cyclone behavior and (ii) identifying optimal geometric configurations that balance both performance criteria. The methodology integrates Design of Experiments (DOE), Response Surface Methodology (RSM), and the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II), using a full factorial design of 25 simulations to construct fourth-order surrogate models. This formulation was strictly necessary to capture the severe non-linearities observed in preliminary CFD runs. These models exhibited high predictive capability, with coefficients of determination (R²) above 0.94. The NSGA-II optimization generated a Pareto-optimal front that clearly describes the trade-off between separation efficiency and pressure drop, enabling systematic decision-making. The selected optimal configuration achieved a separation efficiency of 94.5% and a pressure drop of 194.78 Pa. CFD validation confirmed the robustness of the surrogate models, with relative errors below 1% for efficiency and below 5% for pressure drop. Overall, the results demonstrate that integrating CFD, surrogate modeling, and evolutionary optimization provides a reliable and computationally efficient strategy for cyclone separator design optimization.

La investigación sobre la interacción entre el casco y la hélice bajo la condición de navegación directa ha ido mejorando gradualmente en los últimos años. Si se pueden obtener datos de simulación de maniobras de barcos de referencia en la etapa de diseño , el diseño del barco será más perfecto. El objetivo de este artículo es investigar el desempeño de la hélice para el movimiento de maniobra simplificado, observando la influencia de la interacción entre la hélice y el casco. El análisis se centrará en dos pruebas en la prueba del barco, prueba de balanceo y la prueba de zig-zag. Se utiliza el software STAR-CCM+ para calcular el campo de flujo de estela causado por el casco durante maniobras con flujo viscoso, y luego este campo de flujo se utiliza como la hélice. El flujo de entrada de la hélice se estima mediante la teoría del flujo potencial, y finalmente la fuerza de la hélice se coloca en el flujo viscoso utilizando la fuerza del cuerpo para acoplar los dos, y se calcula la hélice en las condiciones operativas del barco a través de iteraciones interactivas. El efecto de interacción de la hélice y el casco.