Over the past few decades, the synthesis and potential applications of nanocatalysts have received great attention from the scientific community. Many well-established methods are extensively utilized for the synthesis of nanocatalysts. However, most conventional physical and chemical methods have some drawbacks, such as the toxicity of precursor materials, the requirement of high-temperature environments, and the high cost of synthesis, which ultimately hinder their fruitful applications in various fields. Bioinspired synthesis is eco-friendly, cost-effective, and requires a low energy/temperature ambient. Various microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and algae are used as nano-factories and can provide a novel method for the synthesis of different types of nanocatalysts. The synthesized nanocatalysts can be further utilized in various applications such as the removal of heavy metals, treatment of industrial effluents, fabrication of materials with unique properties, biomedical, and biosensors. This review focuses on the biogenic synthesis of nanocatalysts from various green sources that have been adopted in the past two decades, and their potential applications in different areas. This review is expected to provide a valuable guideline for the biogenic synthesis of nanocatalysts and their concomitant applications in various fields.

Several coronaviruses (CoVs) have been associated with serious health hazards in recent decades, resulting in the deaths of thousands around the globe. The recent coronavirus pandemic has emphasized the importance of discovering novel and effective antiviral medicines as quickly as possible to prevent more loss of human lives. Positive-sense RNA viruses with group spikes protruding from their surfaces and an abnormally large RNA genome enclose CoVs. CoVs have already been related to a range of respiratory infectious diseases possibly fatal to humans, such as MERS, SARS, and the current COVID-19 outbreak. As a result, effective prevention, treatment, and medications against human coronavirus (HCoV) is urgently needed. In recent years, many natural substances have been discovered with a variety of biological significance, including antiviral properties. Throughout this work, we reviewed a wide range of natural substances that interrupt the life cycles for MERS and SARS, as well as their potential application in the treatment of COVID-19.

Background: Ankle injuries occur frequently and represent around 10% of all emergency department admissions. The preferred diagnostic modality for evaluating ankle injuries is Magnetic resonance imaging, because of its better soft tissue contrast; noninvasive imaging, as well as its scanning capability in several planes. Aims: This study aimed to highlight the importance of MRI in the assessment of patients with Ankle pain as a result of a traumatic injury in Taif, Saudi Arabia. Methods and materials: a retrospective study was carried out at King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital in Taif, from October 2021 to February 2022. 56 traumatic patients were enrolled in the study. All images were evaluated by two expert radiologists. Results: Out of 56 patients; 31 (55%) were males and only 25 (45%) were females, the mean age was found to be 34. ± 12. Acute onset of pain was (82%) and (18%) was chronic. 44 (79%) of the respondents had joint effusion and 37 (66%) had ATFL Anterior Talofibular Ligament injuries. Regarding tendons injury, the most reported injury was tenosynovitis (14.3%). Deltoid ligament injury is significantly associated with age (P-value = .005), since those 35 years old or less are more frequently prone to have deltoid ligament injury (44%) than those more than 35 years old (9%). Conclusion: The MRI is the perfect modality of choice in the assessment of traumatic ankle injuries because it has higher sensitivity detection when compared to other modalities.