Urban earthquake risk management presents a challenging problem due to rising urban density, vulnerable infrastructure, and the unpredictability of disasters. This study introduces an innovative methodological framework that combines urban resilience assessment with a Fermatean Fuzzy Set (FFs)-based Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) methodology to analyze and improve earthquake-resilience in Turkish cities. The study identifies and prioritizes 9 criteria affecting earthquake-resilience by integrating expert perspectives from 17 specialists in disaster risk management and urbanization in Turkey. The methodology benefits from the Fermatean Fuzzy Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) technique to avoid uncertainty and to rank criteria in expert assessments, and provides a better understanding of interdependencies between resilience criteria. The findings of the study prove that the most significant determinant is the degree to which decision-makers embrace and integrate resilience thinking, which was followed by good governance mechanisms and safe residential areas as important criteria. The suggested framework of the study creates solutions for methodological deficiencies in traditional risk assessments by including uncertainty and inadequate data, while offering practical recommendations for policymakers at the same time. Therefore, this research enhances the discourse on urban resilience, because it creates a comprehensive, flexible decision-support model to inform strategic planning and disaster management in high-risk urban areas regarding earthquakes.