Currently, the demand for refined crop monitoring through remote sensing is increasing rapidly. Due to the similar spectral and morphological characteristics of different crops and vegetation, traditional methods often rely on deeper neural networks to extract meaningful features. However, deeper networks face a key challenge: while extracting deep features, they often lose some boundary details and small-plot characteristics, leading to inaccurate farmland boundary classifications. To address this issue, we propose the Detail and Deep Feature Multi-Branch Fusion Network for High-Resolution Farmland Remote-Sensing Segmentation (DFBNet). DFBNet introduces an new three-branch structure based on the traditional UNet. This structure enhances the detail of ground objects, deep features across multiple scales, and boundary features. As a result, DFBNet effectively preserves the overall characteristics of farmland plots while retaining fine-grained ground object details and ensuring boundary continuity. In our experiments, DFBNet was compared with five traditional methods and demonstrated significant improvements in overall accuracy and boundary segmentation. On the Hi-CNA dataset, DFBNet achieved 88.34% accuracy, 89.41% pixel accuracy, and an IoU of 78.75%. On the Netherlands Agricultural Land Dataset, it achieved 90.63% accuracy, 91.6% pixel accuracy, and an IoU of 83.67%. These results highlight DFBNet’s ability to accurately delineate farmland boundaries, offering robust support for agricultural yield estimation and precision farming decision-making.

Remote sensing image segmentation holds significant application value in precision agriculture, environmental monitoring, and other fields. However, in the task of fine-grained segmentation of weeds and crops, traditional deep learning methods often fail to balance global semantic information with local detail features, resulting in over-segmentation or under-segmentation issues. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a segmentation model based on a dual-branch Transformer architecture—DBFormer—to enhance the accuracy of weed detection in remote sensing images. This approach integrates the following techniques: (1) a dynamic context aggregation branch (DCA-Branch) with adaptive downsampling attention to model long-range dependencies and suppress background noise, and (2) a local detail enhancement branch (LDE-Branch) leveraging depthwise-separable convolutions with residual refinement to preserve and sharpen small weed edges. An Edge-Aware Loss module further reinforces boundary clarity. On the Tobacco Dataset, DBFormer achieves an mIoU of 86.48%, outperforming the best baseline by 3.83%; on the Sunflower Dataset, it reaches 85.49% mIoU, a 4.43% absolute gain. These results demonstrate that our dual-branch synergy effectively resolves the global–local conflict, delivering superior accuracy and stability in the context of practical agricultural applications.