El objetivo del trabajo fue analizar cómo se percibe la educación inclusiva en las universidades y cuáles son los desafíos presentes hasta la actualidad. Para la consecución de lo planteado se puso en práctica el enfoque cualitativo de tipo descriptivo. La técnica empleada fue el análisis documental junto con su instrumento. Como principales resultados se encuentra que hasta la actualidad en las universidades la aplicación de educación inclusiva es bastante escasa al igual que las investigaciones prácticas relacionadas a este tema son escasas, debido a que en su mayoría son de revisión bibliográfica. Se puede decir que es necesario que las universidades establezcan políticas claras y planes de mejora para que los educandos y la comunidad universitaria vivan una verdadera educación basada en la inclusión. The objective of the work was to analyze how inclusive education is perceived in universities and what are the current challenges. To achieve what was proposed, the qualitative descriptive approach was put into practice. The technique used was documentary analysis together with its instrument. As main results, it is found that until now in universities the application of inclusive education is quite scarce, as well as practical investigations related to this topic are scarce, due to the fact that they are mostly bibliographic review. It can be said that it is necessary for universities to establish clear policies and improvement plans so that students and the university community experience a true education based on inclusion.

In the present investigation, carbon dioxide (CO₂), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), nitric oxides (NO_X), particulate matter (PM), and fuel consumption were measured in a compression ignition internal combustion engine on a road route cycle in Quito, Ecuador. We used premium diesel and a mixture of diesel and cerium oxide at a concentration of 250 ppm. This research aimed to investigate the impact of cerium oxide on fossil fuels in terms of CO₂, CO, HC, NOx, PM, and fuel consumption. Five repetitions were performed for each fuel, and the results obtained were statistically analyzed using control charts. The experimental results showed a 27.1% reduction in PM, a 24.9% increase in NOx, and a 24.2% increase in HC, along with a 1% decrease in fuel consumption compared to the premium diesel case. We observed that the reduction in PM was due to the catalytic action of CeO₂, which enhances carbon oxidation. On the other hand, the increase in NOx was related to the higher temperature in the combustion chamber resulting from the improved thermal efficiency of the engine. This study provides guidelines for controlling air pollutants originating from vehicle emissions in high-altitude (over 2000 masl) road operations using cerium oxide as an additive.