Qualitative ultrasonographic images in diagnosing renal parenchymal diseases can be inadequate. The relationship between renal cortical echogenicity and parenchymal disease has been demonstrated in people. However, it is difficult to determine diffuse fat vacuoles and the parenchymal diseases at qualitative renal assessment. Disorders of the renal cortex are frequently seen in rabbits. The aim of this study was to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the echogenicity of the renal cortex in clinically healthy rabbits. Fourty-two clinically normal and with no history of renal disease rabbits were used. The each rabbit was investigated by complete blood count, urinalysis and renal biopsy. Renal ultrasonography was performed with a 6.5 MHz probe. For each image, three equally sized regions of interest was detected within the renal cortex. The mean pixel intensity was determined using an 8-bit grayscale, with 256 colour of grey colours. Qualitative echogenicity was evaluated by two observers. Observer 1 evaluated as an isoechoic (36/42) and hyperechoic (6/42). Observer 2 evaluated as an isoechoic (35/42) and hyperechoic (7/42). Quantitatively, the mean pixel intensities analysed for the renal cortex was 59.2±2.23 (range: 28-91). The result of this study indicates that analysis of digitized renal cortical ultrasonographic images from rabbits using the histogram technique can be used to quantitatively determine echogenicity.

The aim of the present study was to determine both the location of the pancreatic duct and the anatomical variation in the pancreatic ducts of rat and rabbit. Following administration of ether anesthesia, the abdomens were opened. Catheters were placed in the ileocolic vein, junction of the duodenum and jejunum, and into the aorta. All arteries, veins and pancreatic ducts were filled with red, blue and white dyed latex, respectively. The rat pancreas was consisted of three lobes, while the rabbit pancreas was consisted of two lobes. The rat pancreas also involved a diffuse gland situated in the gastrolienal ligament and mesoduodenum. In the rat the ducts of the pancreas opened the biliaropancreatic duct and originated from the biliaropancreatic duct on different sides. The ducts that were in the right side of the biliaropancreatic duct open from origin the biliaropancreatic duct were measurements approximately 8.09+2.65 mm and left side 7.32+3.61 mm. The rabbit pancreas included a diffuse gland situated among the liver, stomach and duodenum. In the rabbit, the duct of the pancreas (pancreatic duct) entered the duodenum approximately 51.52+3.23cm distal to the pylorus. In contrast to the report of Bunting & Jones19 that found that the pancreatic duct opened to the duodenum and 25-27cm away from (distal part) the pylorus in rabbit, the present authors found the pancreatic duct to be very long,measuring 46.33-57.17cm in our study.

Bu çalışma 2000-2015 yılları arasında Türkiye’de yapılan veteriner anatomi kongrelerinde sunulmuş bildirilerin bazı özellikler bakımından eğilimlerini belirleme amacıyla yapıldı. Çalışmada 2000-2015 yılları arasında Türkiye’de yapılan veteriner anatomi kongrelerinde sunulmuş bildiriler kullanıldı. Bildiriler yıl-sistem, yıl-hayvan türü, cinsiyet-sistem, cinsiyet-hayvan türü şeklinde sınıflandırıldı. Verilerin frekans (f) ve yüzde (%) değerleri Microsoft Excel 2010 programında hesaplandı. Çalışmada yıl-sisteme göre yapılan sınıflandırmada en çok bildirinin (f: 65, % 14.7) 2015’ de yayınlandığı görüldü. Aynı sınıflandırmada en çok bildirinin hareket sistemine (f: 89, % 20.1) ait olduğu belirlendi. Yıl-hayvan türüne göre yapılan değerlendirmede bildirilerde en çok köpeğin (f: 62, % 12.35) kullanıldığı görüldü. Cinsiyet-sisteme göre yapılan analizde kadın ve erkek araştırmacıların en çok hareket sistemi ile ilgili araştırma konularına(kadın; f: 24, % 24, erkek; f: 65, % 18.90) yöneldiği tespit edildi. Cinsiyet hayvan türüne göre yapılan analizde kadın ve erkek araştırmacıların bildirilerinde en çok köpeği (kadın; f: 15, % 12.82, erkek; f: 47, % 12.24) kullandıkları saptandı. Sonuç olarak Türkiye’de veteriner anatomi alanında düzenlenmiş ulusal kongrelerde sunulan bildiriler bazı özellikler bakımından değerlendirilerek, yönelimler belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır.

The anatomical features of the rabbit adrenal glands have been investigated in some aspects, either via classic anatomical methods and routine histology, either using imaging modalities in our previous experiments. The present study is focused for obtaining data, concerning the objective values of three macrometric indices – lateromedial, craniocaudal and dorsoventral diameters. We used the cadavers of thirty-four 8-month old (sexually mature) healthy white New Zealand rabbits weighing 2.8-3.2 kg. We reached the abdominal cavity after median incision. The both kidneys were kept in abdominal cavity with a view to find more easily the location of the right and left adrenal glands. The material was documented using a digital camera. The craniocaudal, dorsoventral and lateromedial diameters have been measured using a digital caliper, as the obtained values were accurate to the second sign. Descriptive analysis of the results using Statistica 8 - StatSoft DELL was performed. The lateromedial diameter of the right adrernal gland was 5.1 mm ± 1.0, craniocaudal diameter was 9.3 mm ± 1.2 and the dorsoventral diameter - 5.0 mm ± 0.8. For the left adrenal gland were measured the following values - the lateromedial diameter was 6.5 mm ± 1.2, the craniocaudal diameter was 10. 2 mm ± 1.4 and the dorsoventral diameter was 6.3 mm ± 0.9. Our results showed that the studied parameters of the left gland were with higher values compared to the right gland. The results from the conducted anatomical study deepens the knowledge for the macroscopic features of the rabbit adrenal glands.