Epidemiological studies have clarified the potential associations between regular aspirin use and cancers. However, it remains controversial on whether aspirin use decreases the risk of cancers risks. Therefore, we conducted an updated meta-analysis to assess the associations between aspirin use and cancers. The PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched up to March 2017 to identify relevant studies. Relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of associations. A total of 218 studies with 309 reports were eligible for this meta-analysis. Aspirin use was associated with a significant decrease in the risk of overall cancer (RR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.87–0.91), and gastric (RR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.65–0.86), esophageal (RR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.62–0.89), colorectal (RR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.74–0.85), pancreatic (RR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.68–0.93), ovarian (RR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.83–0.95), endometrial (RR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.85–0.99), breast (RR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.88–0.96), and prostate (RR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.90–0.99) cancers, as well as small intestine neuroendocrine tumors (RR = 0.17, 95% CI: 0.05–0.58). These findings suggest that aspirin use is associated with a reduced risk of gastric, esophageal, colorectal, pancreatic, ovarian, endometrial, breast, and prostate cancers, and small intestine neuroendocrine tumors.

IMPORTANCE: Shift work may lead to adverse health outcomes. Whether shift work is associated with depression and anxiety, and to what extent lifestyle mediates the associations, remains unknown.OBJECTIVE: To explore the associations of shift work, its type, frequency, and working years with anxiety and depression and to examine the potential mediating role of lifestyles.Design, Setting, and Participants: This cohort study included 175 543 employed or self-employed workers who participated in the UK Biobank baseline survey (2006-2010). Data analysis was conducted from November 2022 to January 2023.EXPOSURES: Employment and shift work status information was obtained from baseline. Lifestyles included smoking, physical activity, alcohol consumption, dietary characteristics, sleep duration, sedentary time, and body mass index (BMI).MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Depression and anxiety were identified based on electronic health records. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to calculate the association of shift work with anxiety and depression, and cause mediation analyses we used to test the mediating role of lifestyle factors in this association.RESULTS: Of the 175 543 included participants (mean [SD] age, 52.6 [7.1] years; 88 290 men [50.3%]; 167 495 White participants [95.4%]), 27 637 participants (16.2%) reported shift work. During a median (IQR) follow-up of 9.06 (8.35-9.75) years, 3956 workers (2.3%) developed depression and 2838 (1.7%) developed anxiety. In the fully adjusted model, individuals who reported engaging in shift work, or shift workers, had a higher risk of depression (HR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.12-1.33; P < .001) and anxiety (HR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.04-1.28; P < .001), and the risk was positively associated with shift frequency. Among shift workers, there was no significant difference between night shifts and nonnight shifts. In the dose-association analyses, years of shift work were negatively associated with the risk of depression and anxiety. Smoking, sedentary time, BMI, and sleep duration were identified as the main potentially modifiable mediators. These mediators together explained 31.3% of the association between shift work and depression and 21.2% of the association between shift work and anxiety.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this cohort study, shift work was significantly associated with a higher risk of depression and anxiety, and lifestyle factors partially mediated the associations. These findings not only support that shift work should be considered an occupational hazard, but also provide evidence for the urgent need for the development of public health interventions that promote healthy lifestyles aimed at improving the mental health of shift workers.

With the rapid development of the modern economy and society, the social and natural environment is also undergoing rapid changes, and people’s lifestyles are subsequently transformed. Sleep disturbances have become an important public health problem worldwide affecting people’s physical and mental health. There is established epidemiological evidence that inadequate sleep duration and poor sleep quality […]

Objectives: Tuberculosis (TB) poses a significant challenge to public health worldwide. Stigma is a major obstacle to TB control by leading to delay in diagnosis and treatment non‐adherence. This study aimed to evaluate the status of TB‐related stigma and its associated factors among TB patients in China.Methods: Cross‐sectional survey. Thus, 1342 TB patients were recruited from TB dispensaries in three counties in Hubei Province using a multistage sampling method and surveyed using a structured anonymous questionnaire including validated scales to measure TB‐related stigma. A generalised linear regression model was used to identify the factors associated with TB‐related stigma.Results: The average score on the TB‐related Stigma Scale was 9.33 (SD = 4.25). Generalised linear regression analysis revealed that knowledge about TB (ß = −0.18, P = 0.0025), family function (ß = −0.29, P < 0.0001) and doctor–patient communication (ß = −0.32, P = 0.0005) were negatively associated with TB‐related stigma.Conclusions: TB‐related stigma was high among TB patients in China. Interventions concentrating on reducing TB patients’ stigma in China should focus on improving patients’ family function and patients’ knowledge about TB.