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In Pakistan, many subsurface (SS) drainage projects were launched by the Salinity Control and Reclamation Project (SCARP) to deal with twin problems (waterlogging and salinity). In some cases, sump pumps were installed for the disposal of SS effluent into surface drainage channels. Presently, sump pumps have become dysfunctional due to social and financial constraints. This study evaluates the alternate design of the Paharang drainage system that could permit the discharge of the SS drainage system in the response of gravity. The proposed design was completed after many successive trials in terms of lowering the bed level and decreasing the channel bed slope. Interconnected MS-Excel worksheets were developed to design the L-section and X-section. Design continuity of the drainage system was achieved by ensuring the bed and water levels of the receiving drain were lower than the outfalling drain. The drain cross-section was set within the present row with a few changes on the service roadside. The channel side slope was taken as 1:1.5 and the spoil bank inner and outer slopes were kept as 1:2 for the entire design. The earthwork was calculated in terms of excavation for lowering the bed level and increasing the drain section to place the excavated materials in a specific manner. The study showed that modification in the design of the Paharang drainage system is technically admissible and allows for the continuous discharge of SS drainage effluent from the area.
Muhammad Imran; Jinlan Xu; Muhammad Sultan; Redmond Shamshiri; Naveed Ahmed; Qaiser Javed; Hafiz Asfahan; Yasir Latif; Muhammad Usman; Riaz Ahmad. Free Discharge of Subsurface Drainage Effluent: An Alternate Design of the Surface Drain System in Pakistan. Sustainability 2021, 13, 4080 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Imran, Jinlan Xu, Muhammad Sultan, Redmond Shamshiri, Naveed Ahmed, Qaiser Javed, Hafiz Asfahan, Yasir Latif, Muhammad Usman, Riaz Ahmad. Free Discharge of Subsurface Drainage Effluent: An Alternate Design of the Surface Drain System in Pakistan. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (7):4080.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Imran; Jinlan Xu; Muhammad Sultan; Redmond Shamshiri; Naveed Ahmed; Qaiser Javed; Hafiz Asfahan; Yasir Latif; Muhammad Usman; Riaz Ahmad. 2021. "Free Discharge of Subsurface Drainage Effluent: An Alternate Design of the Surface Drain System in Pakistan." Sustainability 13, no. 7: 4080.
This study aim to investigate the biodegradation of all alkanes in soil by adding stimulater and indigenous bacteria. The experiments were carried out by adding native bacteria and the stimulater to the soil S1 (total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) = 22745 mg/kg) and soil S2 (TPH = 13833 mg/kg) to explored the effect and mechanism of the stimulated biodegradation of all alkanes in soil. The results showed that most alkanes were used as the main carbon source of TPH in the late stimulation stage, so that all alkanes could be biodegraded by stimulating. The biodegradation of C10 - C19 (4527 mg/kg) and C20 - C30 (8530 mg/kg) were much higher than the stimulated biodegradation of partial alkanes, which indicated that the biodegradation effect of TPH was greatly improved. In addition, for the stimulated biodegradation of all alkanes group, the relative activity of TPH (TPH biodegradation/DOC consumption) was nearly 5 times that of the stimulated biodegradation of partial alkanes group in the late stimulation stage. The amount of ammonia allocated to TPH in the late stimulation stage was nearly 10 times that of DOC, and the organic matter components changed greatly in the early stimulation stage, but there was basically no change in the later stage. It showed that the hydrocarbon degraders in the stimulated biodegradation of all alkanes group used DOC as the main carbon source in the early stimulation stage and mainly degrade TPH in the later stage, which improved the biodegradation efficiency of petroleum hydrocarbons.
Jinlan Xu; Lu Xu; Xue Qiao; Yuanyuan Zheng; YouLin Xie; Zhengli Yang. Stimulated biodegradation of all alkanes in soil. Chemosphere 2021, 278, 130444 .
AMA StyleJinlan Xu, Lu Xu, Xue Qiao, Yuanyuan Zheng, YouLin Xie, Zhengli Yang. Stimulated biodegradation of all alkanes in soil. Chemosphere. 2021; 278 ():130444.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJinlan Xu; Lu Xu; Xue Qiao; Yuanyuan Zheng; YouLin Xie; Zhengli Yang. 2021. "Stimulated biodegradation of all alkanes in soil." Chemosphere 278, no. : 130444.
This study aimed to investigate the rapid restoration of indigenous hydrocarbon degraders after chemical oxidation, in order to enhance the subsequent biodegradation of crude oil in soils. The Fe-SOM (2231 mg kg−1) and H2O2 were added into the oil-contaminated soil (total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH): 16064 mg kg−1) for chemical oxidation. Then, the all and partial alkane re-biodegradation reagents were added for re-biodegradation experiments. Calculated and analyzed C-source (DOC and TPH) and N-source (\( {\mathrm{NH}}_4^{+}-\mathrm{N} \), \( {\mathrm{NO}}_3^{-}-\mathrm{N} \), \( {\mathrm{NO}}_2^{-}-\mathrm{N} \)) consumption and the population of hydrocarbon degraders in each period. After chemical oxidation, the total biodegradation of all alkanes (re-biodegradation degree: 100%) with reagent for all alkane re-biodegradation in the late stage was higher than that in the early stage. Further study found that DOC was the main C-source and \( {\mathrm{NH}}_4^{+}-\mathrm{N} \) was the main N-source in the early stage, while TPH and nitrate were the main C&N-sources in the late stage of re-biodegradation. In other words, the C&N-sources changed over to TPH and nitrate in the late stage. After re-biodegradation stage, increasing biodegradation (from 644 mg kg−1 in the 1st stage to 842 mg kg−1 in the 3rd stage) was observed. The results showed that re-biodegradation of all alkanes could recover growth of indigenous hydrocarbon degraders and continuously increase biodegradation of all alkanes after chemical oxidation. The C&N-sources changed from DOC and \( {\mathrm{NH}}_4^{+}-\mathrm{N} \) to all alkanes and \( {\mathrm{NO}}_3^{-}-\mathrm{N} \) during re-biodegradation stage was the key factor. Re-biodegradation of all alkanes in soils.
Jinlan Xu; Yanliang Dong; Yuanyuan Zheng; Peiqi Fan; Lu Xu; Xue Qiao; Muhammad Ali Imran. Re-biodegradation of all alkanes after chemical oxidation in soils. Journal of Soils and Sediments 2021, 21, 1348 -1359.
AMA StyleJinlan Xu, Yanliang Dong, Yuanyuan Zheng, Peiqi Fan, Lu Xu, Xue Qiao, Muhammad Ali Imran. Re-biodegradation of all alkanes after chemical oxidation in soils. Journal of Soils and Sediments. 2021; 21 (3):1348-1359.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJinlan Xu; Yanliang Dong; Yuanyuan Zheng; Peiqi Fan; Lu Xu; Xue Qiao; Muhammad Ali Imran. 2021. "Re-biodegradation of all alkanes after chemical oxidation in soils." Journal of Soils and Sediments 21, no. 3: 1348-1359.
The purpose of this study is to clarify the mechanism of the coupled hydrion with biology polysulfide in the simultaneous denitrification and desulfurization process. The coupled hydrion with biology polysulfide, uncoupled hydrion with biology polysulfide and no polysulfide experiments were performed in wastewater with two kinds of sulfide loads (100 and 200 mg/L). When the concentration of thiosulfate was suitable, the free H+ concentration (74.2 and 91.0 mg/L) and the proportion of Thiobacillus denitrificans (85.4% and 59.7%) were both higher under the two kinds of sulfide loading conditions (100 and 200 mg/L), and coupled hydrion with biology polysulfide was realized (the production of elemental sulfur is as high as 33 and 101 mg/L). Further analysis shown that the way of coupled hydrion with biology polysulfide were both: 2.0S2−+6.4NO3−+30.1H++21.7e−→1.0S2−+1.0SO42−+3.2N2+15.0H2O. In addition, for the coupled hydrion with biology polysulfide, more nitrates could be utilized to produce elemental sulfur S0, and the lower ratio of H+/S0 and SO42−/S0 were observed (S2- = 100 mg/L: 2.3 and 0.9; S2- = 200 mg/L: 0.9 and 0.03), which could promote the growth of Thiobacillus denitrificans and increase the proportion of Thiobacillus denitrificans. This maybe one of the reasons why coupled hydrion with biology polysulfide could be achieved.
Jinlan Xu; Xue Qiao; Lu Xu; Yanliang Dong; Yu Gao. Regulating intermediates to realize the coupled hydrion with biology polysulfide in wastewater treatment. Environmental Technology 2020, 1 -9.
AMA StyleJinlan Xu, Xue Qiao, Lu Xu, Yanliang Dong, Yu Gao. Regulating intermediates to realize the coupled hydrion with biology polysulfide in wastewater treatment. Environmental Technology. 2020; ():1-9.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJinlan Xu; Xue Qiao; Lu Xu; Yanliang Dong; Yu Gao. 2020. "Regulating intermediates to realize the coupled hydrion with biology polysulfide in wastewater treatment." Environmental Technology , no. : 1-9.
In order to investigate the mechanism of the oriented oxidation of all alkanes by regulating organic functional groups, Fenton oxidation was performed in two soils (S1 and S2: total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) are 26,281 mg/kg and 12,668 mg/kg). The higher the proportion of hydroxyl radicals (OH) transferred (41 %–58 %), the more the number of oriented oxidation of alkanes, which realized the oriented oxidation of all alkanes. Meanwhile, high oriented oxidation of long alkanes and short alkanes (58 %: 3405 mg/kg and 1729 mg/kg) was observed. Protein Ⅰ in soil organic matter (SOM) was reduced by regulating CH and carboxyl group OH, which indicated that protein Ⅰ was inactive. Protein Ⅰ oxidation after regulation was decreased significantly. Protein Ⅰ was the main active organic matter to capture OH. When the relative reactivity coefficient KTPH/SOM (the ratio of TPH oxidation to SOM oxidation) and KTPH/protein I (the ratio of TPH oxidation to protein Ⅰ oxidation) were higher than 1, low oxidation of SOM and protein Ⅰ was obtained. It indicated that for the oriented oxidation of all alkanes, the high coefficient of relative reactivity for petroleum was the key for the transfer of OH from oxidizing SOM to oxidizing alkanes.
Jinlan Xu; Peiqi Fan; Yanliang Dong; Lu Xu; Yuanyuan Zheng. Oriented oxidation of all alkanes in soils. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2020, 399, 123078 .
AMA StyleJinlan Xu, Peiqi Fan, Yanliang Dong, Lu Xu, Yuanyuan Zheng. Oriented oxidation of all alkanes in soils. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2020; 399 ():123078.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJinlan Xu; Peiqi Fan; Yanliang Dong; Lu Xu; Yuanyuan Zheng. 2020. "Oriented oxidation of all alkanes in soils." Journal of Hazardous Materials 399, no. : 123078.
Three biodegradation were carried out in soils with activator, non-activator and no activator. For oil-addicted biodegradation, macro-alkanes were devoured (soil S1:3313 mg C18-C30/kg, soil S2: 2741 mg C18-C30/kg) in soils with activator, which was 3.8 times of that for non-oil-addicted biodegradation. For oil-addicted biodegradation, high respiratory activity (S1: 0.8 CO2/kg soil, S2: 0.6 mg CO2/kg soil) and rapid growth rate (S1: 48 %, S2: 36 %) of oil-addicted microbe with activator were observed. Moreover, for oil-addicted biodegradation, low consumption of NH4+-N (22 mg/kg) and acetic acid (410 mg/kg) were observed, which were 1/8 and 4/5 for non-oil-addicted biodegradation. Meanwhile, rapid growth and high respiratory activity of the genera Pseudomonas, Diaminobutyricimonas, Dyadobacter and Galbitalea were observed. It indicated that macro-alkanes instead of organic matter such as aromatic protein I and II, fulvic acid-like, soluble microbial metabolites, humic acid-like was utilized rapidly for oil-addicted biodegradation due to less consumption of NH4+-N and acetic acid.
Jinlan Xu; Yuanyuan Zheng; Peiqi Fan; Lu Xu. Oil-addicted biodegradation of macro-alkanes in soils with activator. Biochemical Engineering Journal 2020, 159, 107578 .
AMA StyleJinlan Xu, Yuanyuan Zheng, Peiqi Fan, Lu Xu. Oil-addicted biodegradation of macro-alkanes in soils with activator. Biochemical Engineering Journal. 2020; 159 ():107578.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJinlan Xu; Yuanyuan Zheng; Peiqi Fan; Lu Xu. 2020. "Oil-addicted biodegradation of macro-alkanes in soils with activator." Biochemical Engineering Journal 159, no. : 107578.
This study aims at exploring the mechanism of fast-stimulating bioremediation of macro crude oil using matching Fenton pre-oxidation. The 80-day biodegradation experiment for soil S1 and S2, containing macro crude oil: C19–C29 and C17–C29 respectively, was conducted after Fenton pre-oxidation with three concentrations of H2O2 (225 mM, 450 mM, and 900 mM). Experimental results indicated that the bioremediation efficiency of macro crude oil was up to 57.1% (8853 mg/kg, S1) and 64.4% (11,719 mg/kg, S2) for 80-day fast-stimulating bioremediation using matching Fenton pre-oxidation (450 mM H2O2), which was 1.8–2.6 times that (S1: 22.2–37.1%; S2: 36.1–39.6%) for slow-stimulating bioremediation using un-matching Fenton pre-oxidation. Furthermore, the high-throughput analysis revealed that genera Sedimentibacter, Caenispirillum, and Brevundimonas became the dominant bacteria after matching Fenton pre-oxidation. Meanwhile, the highest logarithmic growth rate of indigenous hydrocarbon degraders (IHD) was obtained (S1: 64% and S2: 60%) for fast-stimulating bioremediation. And the consumption of NH4+-N was up to 90% and 94% in S1 and S2 within 60 days for fast-stimulating bioremediation, approximately 1.4 and 2.2 times that (S1: 65% and 62%; S2: 47% and 41%) for slow-stimulating remediation. The results showed that the macro crude oil became the main carbon source for IHD for the fast-stimulating bioremediation, resulting in the rapid growth of IHD. Thus, this study provides a fast and efficient remediation technology for bioremediation of macro crude oil-contaminated soils.
Jinlan Xu; Juan Du; Lu Li; Qiuju Zhang; Ziwei Chen. Fast-stimulating bioremediation of macro crude oil in soils using matching Fenton pre-oxidation. Chemosphere 2020, 252, 126622 .
AMA StyleJinlan Xu, Juan Du, Lu Li, Qiuju Zhang, Ziwei Chen. Fast-stimulating bioremediation of macro crude oil in soils using matching Fenton pre-oxidation. Chemosphere. 2020; 252 ():126622.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJinlan Xu; Juan Du; Lu Li; Qiuju Zhang; Ziwei Chen. 2020. "Fast-stimulating bioremediation of macro crude oil in soils using matching Fenton pre-oxidation." Chemosphere 252, no. : 126622.
In order to study the remediation effect of heavily contaminated sediments, the experiments to repair heavily contaminated sediments were carried out under selective and nonselective oxidation conditions. Results showed that a lot of denitrifying bacteria was detected on the surface of modified zeolite by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) after inoculating both nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria for 7 days. Up to 3.69 mg/g, in-situ regeneration of ammonium on zeolite loading with high ammonium (ammonium adsorption: 4.20 m/g) was obtained, which was 1.42 times that of nonselective oxidation (2.60 mg/g). This indicated that the in-situ regeneration rate of zeolite under high ammonium adsorption (5.0 mg/g) and high bacterial inoculum (80 mL/g) was enhanced. Moreover, only 1.50 mg/L total nitrogen with 84% inhibition in the overlying water under selective oxidation conditions was observed, which was 2.37 times the inhibition percentage of modified zeolite under nonselective oxidation conditions. The results illuminated that effective inhibition of ammonium released from heavily contaminated sediments can be achieved through selective oxidation with zeolite layer. At the same time, the in-situ service life of attached biofilm-modified zeolite under selective oxidation conditions was 5.87 years, which was extended by 3 years compared with nonselective oxidation conditions. Effective inhibition of ammonium released from heavily contaminated sediments through selective oxidation with zeolite layer.
Jinlan Xu; Rong Wang; Lu Li; Jie Wang. Effective Inhibition of Ammonium Released from Heavily Contaminated Sediments through Selective Oxidation with Zeolite Layer. Geomicrobiology Journal 2019, 37, 287 -300.
AMA StyleJinlan Xu, Rong Wang, Lu Li, Jie Wang. Effective Inhibition of Ammonium Released from Heavily Contaminated Sediments through Selective Oxidation with Zeolite Layer. Geomicrobiology Journal. 2019; 37 (3):287-300.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJinlan Xu; Rong Wang; Lu Li; Jie Wang. 2019. "Effective Inhibition of Ammonium Released from Heavily Contaminated Sediments through Selective Oxidation with Zeolite Layer." Geomicrobiology Journal 37, no. 3: 287-300.
The purpose of this study is to find matching Fenton pre-oxidation that can enhance the subsequent biodegradation of long-chain alkanes in soils. After matching Fenton pre-oxidation, the hydrocarbon degraders in soils grew quickly, which was stimulated to degrade the long-chain alkanes as its main carbon sources. Therefore, the long-chain alkanes removal was improved significantly. The results of this study suggested that the degradation of C25 – C30 after matching Fenton pre-oxidation was up to 5463 mg/kg (67%), which was 5.2 times higher than that of unmatching Fenton pre-oxidation (1044 mg/kg). In addition, after matching Fenton pre-oxidation, the hydrocarbon degraders were stimulated to degrade the long-chain alkanes and nitrogen sources hugely so that the hydrocarbon degraders can increase considerably (73%). This was the reason that the biodegradation of long-chain alkanes was enhanced by matching Fenton pre-oxidation.
Juan Du; Jinlan Xu; Huifang Wang; Lu Li; Shaofeng Zhang; Ziwei Chen; Tinglin Huang. Enhanced Biodegradation of Long-chain Alkanes in Soils Using Matching Fenton Pre-oxidation. Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal 2019, 29, 120 -131.
AMA StyleJuan Du, Jinlan Xu, Huifang Wang, Lu Li, Shaofeng Zhang, Ziwei Chen, Tinglin Huang. Enhanced Biodegradation of Long-chain Alkanes in Soils Using Matching Fenton Pre-oxidation. Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal. 2019; 29 (1):120-131.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuan Du; Jinlan Xu; Huifang Wang; Lu Li; Shaofeng Zhang; Ziwei Chen; Tinglin Huang. 2019. "Enhanced Biodegradation of Long-chain Alkanes in Soils Using Matching Fenton Pre-oxidation." Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal 29, no. 1: 120-131.
Background Many studies reported that most of the Fenton pre‐oxidation either do more damage to the indigenous hydrocarbon degraders (IHD) or produce less concentration of NH4+‐N during Fenton oxidation combined with bioremediation for oil‐contaminated soils, which cause the subsequent bioremediation was unsustainable and poor. The aim of this study was to find an instant Fenton pre‐oxidation for the efficient sustainable biodegradation of long‐chain alkanes, and the ratio (K) of residual concentration of NH4+‐N and the residual population of IHD can reach a balance after this instant Fenton pre‐oxidation. Results Five Fenton oxidation experiments were carried out with iron bound to SOM. On this basis, a 75‐day field experiment of instant Fenton pre‐oxidation with K = 46 combined with bioremediation was performed. Experimental results showed that a similar efficient biodegradation (about 261 mg/kg) of long‐chain alkanes C30‐C25 at each stage was obtained after instant Fenton pre‐oxidation with K = 46. So as high as 75% of the biodegradation for long‐chain alkanes after instant Fenton pre‐oxidation with K = 46, which was 2.3 and 2.0 times that corresponding biodegradation of long‐chain alkanes after uninstant Fenton pre‐oxidation with K ≠ 46. Conclusion It indicated that the efficient sustainable bioremediation of long‐chain alkanes was achieved after instant Fenton pre‐oxidation with K = 46. And the microbial diversity revealed that the possible explanations of efficient sustainable bioremediation of long‐chain alkanes in soils was that sensitive, slow growth of indigenous hydrocarbon degraders (Nocardiode and Noviherbaspirillum) were not damaged after instant Fenton pre‐oxidation with K = 46.
Jinlan Xu; Lu Li; Juan Du; Huifang Wang. Efficient sustainable bioremediation of long‐chain crude oil in soils using instant Fenton pre‐oxidation. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology 2019, 95, 63 -72.
AMA StyleJinlan Xu, Lu Li, Juan Du, Huifang Wang. Efficient sustainable bioremediation of long‐chain crude oil in soils using instant Fenton pre‐oxidation. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology. 2019; 95 (1):63-72.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJinlan Xu; Lu Li; Juan Du; Huifang Wang. 2019. "Efficient sustainable bioremediation of long‐chain crude oil in soils using instant Fenton pre‐oxidation." Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology 95, no. 1: 63-72.
To find out the mechanism of efficiently dedicated oxidation of long-chain crude oil in the Fenton system with inactive SOM-Fe, two crude oil-contaminated soils with different concentrations (S1: 14579 mg/kg; S2: 15491 mg/kg) were used as the treatment targets in this study. The results showed that the removal of long-chain crude oil (C21 – C30) with inactive SOM-Fe (3120 – 6930 mg/kg) was much higher than that with active SOM-Fe (2493 – 4424 mg/kg). Moreover, about 62% – 71% •OH was allocated for direct oxidation of long-chain crude oil with inactive SOM-Fe compared to that with active SOM-Fe. Meanwhile, the highest removal of long-chain crude oil by unit •OH yield was 1345 mg/kg for inactive SOM-Fe, which was 3.6 times that for active SOM-Fe. It can be seen that less •OH were consumed by organic matter and more •OH was allocated to dedicatedly oxidize long-chain crude oil in inactive SOM-Fe Fenton system. Further analysis found that, for inactive SOM-Fe the low content of active organic matter (protein Ⅰ and protein II) and the active organic functional group (C=O), while high content of inactive organic matter (fulvic acid, microorganism and humic acid) and inactive organic functional groups (C-H and O-H) was observed. Therefore, the allocation of •OH was changed after SOM was inactivate, which result in less consumption of •OH by SOM and efficiently dedicated oxidation of long-chain crude oil in the soil by inactive SOM-Fe.
Jinlan Xu; Minghui Zhao; Rong Wang; Juan Du; Jie Wang; Qiuju Zhang. Efficiently dedicated oxidation of long-chain crude oil in the soil by inactive SOM-Fe. Chemical Engineering Journal 2019, 375, 121913 .
AMA StyleJinlan Xu, Minghui Zhao, Rong Wang, Juan Du, Jie Wang, Qiuju Zhang. Efficiently dedicated oxidation of long-chain crude oil in the soil by inactive SOM-Fe. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2019; 375 ():121913.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJinlan Xu; Minghui Zhao; Rong Wang; Juan Du; Jie Wang; Qiuju Zhang. 2019. "Efficiently dedicated oxidation of long-chain crude oil in the soil by inactive SOM-Fe." Chemical Engineering Journal 375, no. : 121913.
This study investigated the oxidizing ability of •OH for macro-crude oil in soil using oil-absorbing Fe catalyzing H2O2. Two types of oil-contaminated soil were tested: (i) macro long-chain crude oil-contaminated soil (LO-soil) was dominated by long-chain alkanes, and (ii) macro common crude oil-contaminated soil (CO-soil) was dominated by both short- and long-chain alkanes. LO-soil contained 38% (C30 - C27: 1490 mg/kg) macro-crude oil, and CO-soil contained 38% (C30, C29, C15 and C14: 1473 mg/kg) macro-crude oil. The results showed that the greatest removal of macro-crude oil (LO-soil: 938 mg/kg, CO-soil: 821 mg/kg) was observed by H2O2/oil-absorbing Fe, an increase of twofold compared with by H2O2/non oil-absorbing Fe. In addition, the removal of macro-crude oil by per unit iron species in H2O2/oil-absorbing Fe was as high as 0.25 - 0.35 mg oil/mg Fe, twice that (0.13 - 0.17 mg oil/mg Fe) achieved by H2O2/non oil-absorbing Fe. The utilization efficiency of •OH is improved by H2O2/oil-absorbing Fe. Further analysis found that the oil-absorbing Fe could bind with hydrophobic humic-like acid and fulvic-like acid, increasing the hydrophobicity of oil-absorbing Fe. Thus, macro-crude oil could be efficiently oxidized in soil by oil-absorbing Fe catalyzing H2O2.
Jinlan Xu; Lu Li; Jie Wang; Qiuju Zhang; Tinglin Huang. Efficient oxidation of macro-crude oil in soil using oil-absorbing Fe catalyzing H2O2. Chemical Engineering Journal 2019, 367, 219 -229.
AMA StyleJinlan Xu, Lu Li, Jie Wang, Qiuju Zhang, Tinglin Huang. Efficient oxidation of macro-crude oil in soil using oil-absorbing Fe catalyzing H2O2. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2019; 367 ():219-229.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJinlan Xu; Lu Li; Jie Wang; Qiuju Zhang; Tinglin Huang. 2019. "Efficient oxidation of macro-crude oil in soil using oil-absorbing Fe catalyzing H2O2." Chemical Engineering Journal 367, no. : 219-229.
The objective of this study is to explore how to stimulate soil indigenous bacteria for the degradation of long-chain crude oil by adding fermented food waste supernatant (FS). Four concentrations of FS (0 mL, 0.1 mL, 1 mL, and 3 mL) were added to two oil-contaminated soils S1 and S2 for 30 days of bioremediation experiments. The results showed that the biodegradation of long-chain alkanes (C29 - C24) could reach up to 1756 mg/kg (49.3%, S1) and 3937 mg/kg (43.9%, S2), which were 3.1 and 3.2 times that of the non-nutrient system. In addition, the logarithmic growth rate of the indigenous hydrocarbon degraders (IHD) reached 41.5%. The long-chain crude oil can be rapidly degraded by indigenous bacteria with FS added in a short time. The glucose and acetic acid accelerated the consumption of ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) in the prophase of bioremediation and the molar ratio of consumed carbon (contained in glucose and acetic acid) to consumed NH4+-N (C/N) was high by adding FS. Thus, the IHD can multiply rapidly. The analysis of microbial diversity revealed that the IHD (genera Acinetobacter and Aquabacterium) became the dominant bacteria. Long-chain alkanes became the main carbon sources for IHD after 14 days in soil S1 and 16 days in soil S2. Thus, the rapid biodegradation of long-chain crude oil was achieved. The genus Aquabacterium which was uncultivable on crude oil medium became the dominant bacteria. This study provides an environment-friendly and sustainable remediation technology for bioremediation of oil-contaminated soils.
Jinlan Xu; Qiuju Zhang; Dongyuan Li; Juan Du; Cong Wang; Jinyi Qin. Rapid degradation of long-chain crude oil in soil by indigenous bacteria using fermented food waste supernatant. Waste Management 2019, 85, 361 -373.
AMA StyleJinlan Xu, Qiuju Zhang, Dongyuan Li, Juan Du, Cong Wang, Jinyi Qin. Rapid degradation of long-chain crude oil in soil by indigenous bacteria using fermented food waste supernatant. Waste Management. 2019; 85 ():361-373.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJinlan Xu; Qiuju Zhang; Dongyuan Li; Juan Du; Cong Wang; Jinyi Qin. 2019. "Rapid degradation of long-chain crude oil in soil by indigenous bacteria using fermented food waste supernatant." Waste Management 85, no. : 361-373.
The characteristics of the hydroxyl radicals (•OH) frequently produced in the Fenton process and the effects of these radicals on the oxidation of hydrophobic total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) in soil were investigated. Twelve groups of Fenton oxidation experiments were conducted using two kinds of crude oil‐contaminated soil samples (S1 and S2) with different soil organic matter (SOM) contents. The results showed that the decrease of TPH increased by 6774 mg/kg (S1) and 5875 mg/kg (S2) by using the frequent •OH (•OHf). These results were two times the results obtained by using the single •OH (•OHs) (S1: 3410 mg/kg, S2: 2918 mg/kg). The decrease of hydrophobic long‐chain alkanes C21–C30 was greatly improved by using the •OHf, i.e., oxidation of 1557–3011 mg/kg in soil S1 and 1371–2532 mg/kg in soil S2. Moreover, the C21–C30 alkanes in soil S1 with low SOM (3.89%) were more degraded after oxidation. The residual non‐aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) TPH content by using the •OHf (266–1200 mg/kg) was much lower than that by using the •OHs (2519–4070 mg/kg). The residual of the NAPL TPH by using the •OHf was 11–29% of the residual by using the •OHs. This result indicated that residual NAPL TPH was reduced by using the •OHf, and the TPH contents in the two soil samples were efficiently oxidized.
Jinlan Xu; Qianqian Cao; Miaojia Zhang; Fan Wang; Tinglin Huang; Junhao Ren. The Frequent Effects of Hydroxyl Radicals on the Oxidation of Crude Oil in Soil. CLEAN – Soil, Air, Water 2018, 46, 1 .
AMA StyleJinlan Xu, Qianqian Cao, Miaojia Zhang, Fan Wang, Tinglin Huang, Junhao Ren. The Frequent Effects of Hydroxyl Radicals on the Oxidation of Crude Oil in Soil. CLEAN – Soil, Air, Water. 2018; 46 (11):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJinlan Xu; Qianqian Cao; Miaojia Zhang; Fan Wang; Tinglin Huang; Junhao Ren. 2018. "The Frequent Effects of Hydroxyl Radicals on the Oxidation of Crude Oil in Soil." CLEAN – Soil, Air, Water 46, no. 11: 1.
To explore the oxidation effects and mechanisms for the oxidation of alkanes by H2O2 in a Fenton system catalyzed by two types of iron bound to soil organic matter (Fe-SOM) in crude oil-contaminated soil, an oxidation experiment was performed in active Fe-SOM and Fe-SOM systems.
Jinlan Xu; Qianqian Cao; Miaojia Zhang; Chengwei Yang. Active iron bound to SOM catalyzes the oxidization of alkanes in soil by H2O2. Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts 2018, 20, 1 .
AMA StyleJinlan Xu, Qianqian Cao, Miaojia Zhang, Chengwei Yang. Active iron bound to SOM catalyzes the oxidization of alkanes in soil by H2O2. Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts. 2018; 20 (9):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJinlan Xu; Qianqian Cao; Miaojia Zhang; Chengwei Yang. 2018. "Active iron bound to SOM catalyzes the oxidization of alkanes in soil by H2O2." Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts 20, no. 9: 1.
The stepwise Fenton oxidation process, in which hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is added in a step-by-step manner instead of at the beginning, can achieve better sorbed crude oil removal effects. The results showed that if a high ratio of sorbed total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) was present in soil samples S1 (100%, initial TPH: 10,009 mg/kg) and S2 (94.2%, initial TPH: 4850 mg/kg), the TPH was oxidized in each step. In addition, the total TPH removal efficiency was 49.6% compared with the 27.9% achieved in conventional Fenton oxidation in which all H2O2 was added at the beginning. Nevertheless, when the ratio of sorbed TPH in the soil sample S3 was low (45.3%, initial TPH: 2850 mg/kg), the TPH removal efficiency was 18.9%, which was slightly higher than 18.2% achieved in the conventional Fenton process because if the sorbed TPH concentration was low, the sorbed TPH was mainly removed in the first step. The second and the third step resulted in long-chain alkanes entering the aqueous phase rather than removing them from the soil, which posed environmental risk. Therefore, it is clear that stepwise Fenton oxidation could improve sorbed TPH removal efficiency when the sorbed TPH concentration in the soil is high.
Jinlan Xu; Chengwei Yang; Lu Li; Tinglin Huang; Rulei Huang. Enhancing the Removal of Sorbed Crude Oil from Soil Through Multiple Oxidation Steps in Stepwise Fenton Processes. Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal 2018, 27, 369 -382.
AMA StyleJinlan Xu, Chengwei Yang, Lu Li, Tinglin Huang, Rulei Huang. Enhancing the Removal of Sorbed Crude Oil from Soil Through Multiple Oxidation Steps in Stepwise Fenton Processes. Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal. 2018; 27 (5):369-382.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJinlan Xu; Chengwei Yang; Lu Li; Tinglin Huang; Rulei Huang. 2018. "Enhancing the Removal of Sorbed Crude Oil from Soil Through Multiple Oxidation Steps in Stepwise Fenton Processes." Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal 27, no. 5: 369-382.
In order to explore the removal mechanism of long-chain alkanes in the Fenton system with iron bound to soil organic matter (Fe-SOM), this study carried out 16 groups of experiments to compare the oxidation efficiency of the long-chain alkanes in the Fenton system with Fe-SOM and with typical Fe (Fe unbound to SOM) (total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) concentration was 9068 mg/kg). The results showed that the long-chain alkanes removal (C21-C30) in the Fenton system with Fe-SOM was up to 361-380 mg/kg (73%-77%), which was 1.6 times higher than that achieved in the Fenton system with typical Fe. The highest removal efficiency of the long-chain alkanes was for C27, i.e., up to 77%, which indicated that the long-chain alkanes in soil could be removed with a high efficiency in the Fenton system with Fe-SOM. Compared with Fenton system with typical Fe, Fenton system with Fe-SOM can achieve a higher removal efficiency of the long-chain alkanes and a lower residual concentration of long-chain alkanes in aqueous phase. In this system, the H2O2 decomposition is rapid, and the existence of the hydroxyl radicals (•OH) is short. The results indicated that the long-chain alkanes oxidation in Fe-SOM system is different from the indirect oxidation in a typical Fe system. This non-indirect oxidation with Fe-SOM was not limited by the short existence of the •OH, and these were the reasons for highly efficient oxidation of the sorbed long–chain alkanes in soil.
Jinlan Xu; Lu Li; Yang Guo; Miaojia Zhang; Tinglin Huang. Novel iron bound to soil organic matter catalyzes H2O2 to oxidize long-chain alkanes effectively in soil. Chemical Engineering Journal 2018, 339, 566 -574.
AMA StyleJinlan Xu, Lu Li, Yang Guo, Miaojia Zhang, Tinglin Huang. Novel iron bound to soil organic matter catalyzes H2O2 to oxidize long-chain alkanes effectively in soil. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2018; 339 ():566-574.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJinlan Xu; Lu Li; Yang Guo; Miaojia Zhang; Tinglin Huang. 2018. "Novel iron bound to soil organic matter catalyzes H2O2 to oxidize long-chain alkanes effectively in soil." Chemical Engineering Journal 339, no. : 566-574.
Chemical oxidation with Fenton’s reagent (H2O2) was applied to two soils contaminated with TPH (total petroleum hydrocarbons as crude oil). Soil YA contains 2.69% TPH and 11.31% soil organic matter (SOM); the TPH/SOM ratio is 0.24:1.0. Soil XI contains 8.97% TPH and 5.93% SOM, i.e. the TPH/SOM ratio is 1.51:1.0. The results indicate that in soil with a low TPH/SOM ratio (containing a higher percentage of SOM), SOM could be removed easily and consume H2O2 more effectively than crude oil, and O2 gas may be a major product of the H2O2 decomposition. However, in the soil with a high TPH/SOM ratio, a low initial rate of O2 generation was obtained, and the SOM may need to be modified to improve the removal of the crude oil in that soil.
Jinlan Xu; Yiwei Cui; Fudi Huang; Rongjuan Lei. Effect of the Ratio of Crude Oil to Soil Organic Matter on H 2 O 2 Decomposition and Oxidation of Crude oil in Contaminated Soils. ENERGYO 2018, 1 .
AMA StyleJinlan Xu, Yiwei Cui, Fudi Huang, Rongjuan Lei. Effect of the Ratio of Crude Oil to Soil Organic Matter on H 2 O 2 Decomposition and Oxidation of Crude oil in Contaminated Soils. ENERGYO. 2018; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJinlan Xu; Yiwei Cui; Fudi Huang; Rongjuan Lei. 2018. "Effect of the Ratio of Crude Oil to Soil Organic Matter on H 2 O 2 Decomposition and Oxidation of Crude oil in Contaminated Soils." ENERGYO , no. : 1.
The objective of this study is to find a comprehensive regulation for sulfide removal and elemental sulfur transformation based on the denitrifying sulfide removal process. The experiment was performed based on several influent sulfide concentrations (150–600 mg/L) and nitrate-to-sulfur (N/S) molar ratios (0.5–2.0) at reaction times of 24 and 48 h. Sulfide and nitrate removals were mainly dependent on the influent sulfide concentration at sulfide concentrations of 150–200 and 400–600 mg/L, but on the N/S ratio at sulfide concentrations of 250–350 mg/L. Up to 99.7% and 93.8% of sulfide and nitrate were removed, respectively, with 26.5% of elemental sulfur formed at sulfide concentrations of 250–350 mg/L (N/S of 1.0). Only 4–9.4% of elemental sulfur was formed, with sulfide and nitrate removals of 99.9% and 98.7%, respectively, at sulfide concentrations of 150–200 mg/L. Meanwhile, 46.9–94.7% of sulfate was formed with a nitrogen gas conversion rate of 18.2–57.1%. Fewer microorganisms were detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) at high sulfide concentrations of 400–600 mg/L, suggesting that the processes of anaerobic denitrification and desulfurization were inhibited.
Jinlan Xu; Keshuai Ding; Chengwei Yang; Tinglin Huang. Regulation of influent sulfide concentration on anaerobic denitrifying sulfide removal. Environmental Technology 2018, 40, 1392 -1400.
AMA StyleJinlan Xu, Keshuai Ding, Chengwei Yang, Tinglin Huang. Regulation of influent sulfide concentration on anaerobic denitrifying sulfide removal. Environmental Technology. 2018; 40 (11):1392-1400.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJinlan Xu; Keshuai Ding; Chengwei Yang; Tinglin Huang. 2018. "Regulation of influent sulfide concentration on anaerobic denitrifying sulfide removal." Environmental Technology 40, no. 11: 1392-1400.
The main objective of this study was to investigate how signal molecules enhance bacterial quorum aggregation on a zeolite capping layer for sustainable inhibition of ammonium release from contaminated sediment. Sediment remediation experiments were carried out by using nitrifying bacteria (WGX10, WGX18), denitrifying bacteria (HF3, HF7) and two kinds of signal molecules (OHHL, C8-HSL). The results showed that nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria could significantly aggregate on zeolite after adding 1.0 μM OHHL at a C/N ratio of 7. The maximum ammonium removal of five times the amount of ammonium adsorbed was achieved when 1.0 μM OHHL was added at the C/N ratio of 7 (the bio-regeneration rate was up to 88.32%), which was 1.24–2.02 times the ammonium removal amount at C/N ratios of 3, 5, 9. The concentration of total nitrogen in the overlying water was no more than 0.8 mg/L during four rounds of sediment remediation experiments. In addition, the bio-regeneration rate was up to 71.20%, which achieved sustainable inhibition of ammonium release from contaminated sediment.
Jinlan Xu; Haiyang Zhang; Rong Zhao; Fanxing Kong. Enhanced bacterial quorum aggregation on a zeolite capping layer for sustainable inhibition of ammonium release from contaminated sediment. Water Science and Technology 2017, 76, 3428 -3440.
AMA StyleJinlan Xu, Haiyang Zhang, Rong Zhao, Fanxing Kong. Enhanced bacterial quorum aggregation on a zeolite capping layer for sustainable inhibition of ammonium release from contaminated sediment. Water Science and Technology. 2017; 76 (12):3428-3440.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJinlan Xu; Haiyang Zhang; Rong Zhao; Fanxing Kong. 2017. "Enhanced bacterial quorum aggregation on a zeolite capping layer for sustainable inhibition of ammonium release from contaminated sediment." Water Science and Technology 76, no. 12: 3428-3440.