With the intensification of climate change and urbanization, the impact of high-temperature disasters on urban resilience has become increasingly significant. Based on the “Pressure-State-Response” (PSR) model, this study proposes a novel assessment method for urban high-temperature disaster resilience. Through 15 evaluation indicators across 3 categories, we quantified the high-temperature disaster resilience level in Hangzhou and constructed a SOM-K-means second-order clustering algorithm to classify the study area into different resilience zones, exploring the spatial differentiation characteristics of high-temperature disaster resilience. The research results indicate the following: (1) Hangzhou exhibits a relatively low level of high-temperature disaster resilience, with a spatial distribution pattern showing a radial decrease from the main city area at the center, followed by a slight increase in the far periphery of the main city area. (2) The study area was divided into four distinct high-temperature disaster resilience zones, demonstrating significant spatial differentiation characteristics. This study innovatively integrates the PSR model with the SOM-K-means clustering method, providing a new perspective for the quantitative assessment and spatial zoning of urban high-temperature disaster resilience. The findings offer valuable decision-making support for enhancing urban resilience.