Water area and waterweed coverage are the key environmental factors for ecological breeding of Eriocheir sinensis in ponds. In order to explore the effects of above two factors on the growth of E. sinensis, three groups of experiments were set up: low coverage small area (C1S1), high coverage small area (C2S1), and high coverage large area (C2S2), and water environmental factors and the growth of E. sinensis were monitored. The results showed that the dissolved oxygen of ponds with different waterweed coverage was significantly different (p < 0.05), and the phosphate in ponds changed significantly from July to October (p < 0.05). The correlation analysis showed that NH₃-N and pH were significantly positively correlated (p < 0.05). At the same time, there was a significant negative correlation between NH₃-N and DO, H₃PO₄ and pH (p < 0.05). Further analysis of the relationship between surface area, waterweed coverage and environmental factors revealed that the surface area and waterweed coverage were closely related to NH₃-N, H₃PO₄ and DO. From July to October, the differences in morphology and weight of E. sinensis in different ponds became more and more significant. In terms of growth rate, C1S1 with a small area and low coverage had a downward trend, while C2S1 and C2S2 were the opposite. In the final stage of the experiment, C2S2 had the highest yield (0.1311 kg/m²), and C1S1 had the lowest yield (0.0600 kg/m²). Then, the ponds with high waterweed coverage and large area can bring better benefits.

With the acceleration of social development and urbanization, birds’ natural habitats have been greatly disturbed and threatened. Satellite tracking technology can collect much bird activity data, providing important data support for habitat protection research. However, satellite data are usually characterized by discontinuity, extensive periods, and inconsistent frequency, which challenges cluster analysis. Habitat research frequently employs clustering techniques, but conventional clustering algorithms struggle to adjust to these data features, particularly when it comes to time dimension changes and irregular data sampling. T-DBSCAN, an enhanced clustering algorithm, is suggested to accommodate this intricate data need. T-DBSCAN is improved based on the traditional DBSCAN algorithm, which combines a quadtree structure to optimize the efficiency of spatial partitioning and introduces a convex hull algorithmic strategy to perform the boundary identification and clustering processing, thus improving the efficiency and accuracy of the algorithm. T-DBSCAN is made to account efficiently for the uniformity of data sampling and changes in the time dimension. Tests demonstrate that the algorithm outperforms conventional habitat identification accuracy and processing efficiency techniques. It can also manage large amounts of discontinuous satellite tracking data, making it a dependable tool for studying bird habitats.

Rodents are the main wildlife species in the Dongting Lake area and can even cause significant biological disasters. In order to investigate the relationship between rodent communities and vegetation, the relationship between rodent population characteristics and vegetation cover between 2000 and 2020 was analyzed. The results showed that the rodent community in Dongting Lake has obvious spatial and temporal variability, and that Microtus fortis and Apodemus agrarius are currently the main rodent species in the area, with a higher population density in eastern Dongting Lake. Meanwhile, rodent fatness varied significantly between seasons, with the highest rodent fatness in winter at most survey sites. There was also significant spatial and temporal variability in vegetation cover, and the overall trend was increasing. There was a significant relationship between vegetation cover and rodent population density and fatness, and the relationship varied by rodent species. Microtus fortis population density was significantly correlated with medium to high levels of vegetation cover, but fatness was significantly correlated with low to medium levels of vegetation cover. The relationship between population density, fatness, and vegetation cover of A. agrarius is opposite to that of M. fortis. The study confirms that M. fortis is still the main pest rodent species in the Dongting Lake area, but the monitoring of A. agrarius and vegetation cover should be strengthened.

As a pivotal indicator in terrestrial ecosystems, forest aboveground biomass (AGB) reflects the capacity for carbon sequestration, the sustenance of biodiversity, and the provision of key ecosystem services. Precise quantification of AGB is therefore fundamental to evaluating forest quality and optimizing management strategies. However, there are bottlenecks in estimating forest AGB from a single data source, and traditional parameter optimization methods are not competent in complex environmental areas. This study proposes an interpretable Bayesian-optimized XGBoost model to improve forest AGB estimation, integrating polarimetric SAR (PolSAR) and optical remote-sensing data for forest AGB mapping in Quanzhou County, southern China. The results demonstrate that the proposed Bayesian-optimized XGBoost (BO-XGBoost) significantly outperforms traditional non-parametric models, achieving a final R² of 0.75 and root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 9.82 Mg/ha. The integration of PolSAR and optical data improved forest AGB estimation accuracy compared with using single data sources alone, reducing the RMSEs by 36.2% and 20.9%, respectively. Furthermore, the proposed method enhances the interpretability of the contributions made by remote-sensing features to forest AGB modeling, offering a new reference for future forest surveys and resource monitoring, which is particularly valuable for sustainable forestry development.

Plant sterilants are used to control rodent populations due to their minimal environmental risk and other ethical considerations. However, their practical utilization is unsatisfactory due to high costs and processing difficulties. Broussonetia papyrifera is a plant material that has shown the potential to inhibit the reproduction of Microtus fortis, a species that causes serious damage to crops in the Dongting Lake region in China. M. fortis was treated with different doses of B. papyrifera leaf methanol extracts. The results show that the growth of sex organs was inhibited, and the males’ testosterone levels and sperm quality were reduced. Though there were some positive effects on females, the reproductive parameters of coupled voles were inferior; the most treated couple exhibited an increased reproductive time, fetal counts, and reduced weight. It was also found that M. fortis responded negatively to the extract after a single treatment or long-term repeated treatment compared to a short-term repeated treatment. B. papyrifera leaves showed a higher application potential as a sterilant for male rodents. These findings enrich the study of plant sterilants and provide insights into the utilization of B. papyrifera and the management of rodents. Owing to the effectiveness and accessibility of the leaves, the derived sterilant may be more economical for controlling rodent pests.